文化與憲政之中國式品評

The Chinese Appreciation of Culture and Constitutionalism

江山(Shan Jiang)

《國家發展研究》 6卷1期 (2006/12) Pp. 1-27

https://doi.org/10.6164/JNDS.6-1.1

摘要

本文重新定義了文化的理念內涵，提出了有關東西文化的不同解說。進而，基於文化生成原因及條件的差異，說明東西文化體質形態和精神理念的差別。復次，竊以為，東西政治體制是各自文化演化的必然樣態。可以說，西方的憲政體制是其斷裂自然本根之後，滿足人域化、封閉化的自為政治文化，其典型形態可謂之為「主體構成性法律體系」，這個體系對人域的有效與價值的個體化，是其倫理責任收縮的必然結果；而東方或中國文化，則堅守自然本根倫理，因循而創化，終致人的本源化與整體化、政治化、倫理化，從而忽視個體之人的意義與價值，在政治的強勢作用下，政治體制表現了極強的負面性，但依本質言，中國政治自身並不具有合理性、合法性的根據，它得向母位的人域公共倫理及更母位的自然天道法則尋求支持，是以，其政治體制可視為「四維法則同構」的制度體系。

關鍵字

文化 ； 憲政 ； 中西比較

並列摘要

The author redefines the ideological meaning of culture, and presents the different explanation about the Eastern and Western culture each. Furthermore, according to the difference based on the original causation and condition of culture, the author gives comparison between the two kinds of culture on the character formation and ideas. The Eastern and Western political system base on their own culture background. The western political system bases on the division between human and nature. It serves the ethic of human limits and closeness of the Western culture. It could be referred to as a kind of legal system constructed by subject. This system contracts the scope of ethic to the human limits, and causes the individualization of value. The Eastern culture, take Chinese for example, holds and develops the ethic based on nature. Finally, human become the original, entire, political and ethical concept. It ignores the meaning and value of individuals. Under the strong effect of politics, political system performs to be a very bad role. Frankly speaking, Chinese politics never gains the foundation of rationality and legality from itself, and must look after supportability from the matrix, which is supposed to be the common ethic of human limits and the principle of nature. This system could be referred to as a kind of institution system constructed by Four-Dimensional isomorphism of rules.

並列關鍵字

culture ； constitutionalism ； comparison between Eastern and Western culture

參考文獻

漢司馬遷(1982)。史記。北京:中華書局。

漢班固(1962)。漢書。北京:中華書局。

錢穆(1969)。中華文化復興論叢。

錢穆(1988)。中國文化與中國哲學。北京:三聯書店。

江山(2002)。法的自然精神導論。北京:中國法政大學出版社。