中東歐國家與歐盟統合之現狀和前景

The Joining of Several Central and Eastern European Countries in the EU: Its Development and Prospects

洪茂雄(Mau-Hsiung Hung)

《國家發展研究》 6卷2期 (2007/06) Pp. 99-118

https://doi.org/10.6164/JNDS.6-2.4

摘要

歐洲聯盟自一九五一年四月歐洲煤鋼共同體(ECSC)成立迄今，歷經五次的擴大，已由原來六個創始會員國擴增到二十七國，可謂是人類史上偉大的創舉。尤其第五次擴大接納中東歐十國和地中海沿岸兩國，比前四次擴大總數還多，其所顯示意義和影響倍受國際社會注目。
首先中東歐加入歐盟就政治意義而言：一、中東歐在共黨政權統治下，形同蘇聯附庸阻礙國家正常發展，毫無獨立自主可言。這些國家得以融入歐洲，正標誌著終結「蘇維埃化」。二、華約組織解體，蘇聯也隨之崩潰，為填補東歐安全真空，唯有向西方傾斜，加入北約和歐盟才得以自保。三、北約和歐盟一向所堅持的是自由、民主、人權和市場經濟等普世價值，中東歐國家唯有融入北約和歐盟，才符合其國家利益。
其次，就經濟意義而言：一、中東歐國家在進行經濟改革之際，資金、技術和企業管理均有賴西方國家的奧援，以歐盟強大的經濟實力，助一臂之力，讓這些前社會主義國家較易取得資金和技術的援助。二、歐盟以建立雄厚又繁榮的市場基礎，對中東歐國家開拓國際市場，大有裨益。三、中東歐國家與北約、歐盟融入一體，在發展初期階段，可獲得北約和歐盟先進國家的援助，大可助其政經轉型。
最後中東歐國家加入歐盟所帶來較引人側目的影響，諸如歐盟新憲如何運作；歐盟內部所謂「新舊歐洲」的心理圍牆，美國影響力多大程度的介入，「新舊歐洲」如何化解彼此間的歧見或障礙；歐盟共同安全暨外交政策是否團結一致，凡此可視為觀察歐盟發展的重要指標。

關鍵字

歐洲聯盟 ； 歐盟東擴 ； 中東歐國家 ； 前社會主義國家

並列摘要

Since European Coal and Steel Community was established in April 1951, EU has enlarged for five times. The membership has increased to 27 states from the initial 6 founding members. We may well say that this is a great initiative and achievement in human history. Especially the fifth enlargement consists of 2 Mediterranean countries and 10 countries in central and eastern Europe. The number of new members is more than the amount of the past four expansions, and its meaning and effect has attracted the attention from all around the world.
The fact of the joining of several central and east Europe countries has three implications. First, ruling by the Communist Party, these countries were equal to the Soviet vassals which obstructed the normal development of these countries, not to mention of the threat to their independence and autonomy. These countries' integration into EU could be tantamount to the termination of sovietization. Second, following the collapse of Warsaw Pact, the USSR crumbled. In order to fill the vacuum of security in east Europe, these countries joined NATO and EU for reason of their own security and getting closer with the Western. Third, the pursuit and insistence of freedom, democracy, human rights and market economy is regarded as universal values to which all democracies commit. Only the integration into NATO and EU by the central and east European countries can strengthen their national interest.
Furthermore, we can discuss its economic meanings. First, when the central and east European countries are proceeding their economic reform, they need the western countries’ assistance in form of finance, technology and business administration. As a result, with the mighty economic power of EU, these former socialist countries can get financial and technological aid more easily. Second, EU has established a prosperous market, which is really a support of the central and east Europe countries for expanding overseas market. Third, with the integration in EU and NATO, the central and east Europe countries can access to the resources of EU and the other developed countries.
Finally, these are still noticeable effects of these central and east Europe countries' affiliation with EU. How the EU constitution is formulated? How to reconcile the estrangement and different opinions between the new and the old members? To what extent is the scope of the interference from the U.S.? Can EU be seen unified and cooperative in its common foreign and security policy? All these above questions can be looked upon as important indications as we observe the further development of EU.

並列關鍵字

European Union ； the enlargement of EU ； central and east European countries ； post-socialist nations

參考文獻

歐盟官方網站

柏林晨報

國際貨幣基金會網站

世界銀行網站

歐盟憲法官方網站