蒿屬植物劉寄奴之本草學考察

A Pentsaogical Research of Artemisia of Liu-Chi-Nu

謝雲忠(Yun-Chung Hsieh) ； 謝明村(Ming-Tsuen Hsieh) ； 謝文全(Wen-Chuan Hsieh) ； 蔡輝彥(Huei-Yann Tasi)

《中醫藥雜誌》 10卷3期 (1999/09) Pp. 189-204

https://doi.org/10.6940/JCM.199909_10(3).06

摘要

唐高宗顯慶四年（公元六五九年），蘇敬奉敕撰新修本草，首載「劉寄奴草　味苦溫　主破血下脹　多服令人痢　生江南」。繼而日華子本草、劉翰開寶本草，掌禹錫嘉祐本草多有著墨，至唐慎微證類本草集其大成，一以血證爲依歸。
然李中立本草原始示圖一市賣乾劉寄奴草形，誤頌原劉寄奴功在先，錯譜花葉實子於後，文圖2說，積非成是，今日識得者幾何?劉寄奴之用終難獲信，遂遭見棄。昔日風光藥物竟失色於今日，黃鐘毀棄，瓦釜雷鳴。本研究旨在真藥實用，鑿誤用之源，經由文獻考察、第圖分析等生藥學方法，獲致以下之結論：
1.貿易商引進錯誤之劉寄奴，消費者醫院、藥廠、藥房、藥局、病患無力亦無由選擇。
2.使用者長期爲蟛蜞之患所惑，產生偏安心理，不識真偽。
3.同名異物，藥效難章，醫家或以辨證不明，或以診脈不詳，牽就誤用之實，或率爾不用。
4.關務立法定義含糊籠統，執法選擇空間過大，專業困難度頗高。
綜合以上之結果，顯示劉寄奴只有一種，就是台灣植物誌之珍珠蒿，中國植物志之奇蒿，而其學名列爲Artemisia anomala S.M(下標 OORE)。名劉寄奴湯、散或入血證之劉寄奴皆爲此種。

關鍵字

劉寄奴 ； 藥材

並列摘要

In the 4th Sen-Chin (顯慶) Year of Tang (唐) Kao-Chung (高宗) (659A.D) Shu-Ching (蘇敬) was assigned by the emperor to edit Shin-Shu-Pentsao (新修本草) in which Liu-Chi-Nu (劉寄奴) was first recorded that ”Liu-Chi-Nu tastes bitter and warm, mainly used for breaking blood and alleviating distention. If it is taken too much, it will cause diarrhea. It grows south of the Yangtze River.”
”Following this Pentsao, there are Jeh-Hwa-Tzu (日華子) Pentsao, Liu-Han (劉翰) Kai-Bo (開寶) Pentsao, and Tzan-Yuh-Shih (掌禹錫) Chia-You (嘉祐) Pentsao, in which there is much written about Liu-Chi-Nu. It was not until Tang-Seng-Wei (唐慎微) Cheng-Lei (證類) Pentsao, that the majority of knowledge onLiu-Chi-Nu was collected into an anthology. This herb was used to treat blood pattern.
However, in Lee-Chung-Li (李中立) Pentsao-Yuan-Shih (本草原始) there is a drawing which shows the shape of the dry Liu-Chi-Nu as it is sold on the market. Lee first put the original functions of Liu-Chi-Nu on the drawing, and then the flowers, leaves and fruit of Liu-Chi-Nu on the drawing are greatly different from those of the original Liu-Chi-Nu. The discrepany between the drawing and the written functions became common practice after long-term misuse. Therefore, very few people today can detect such a mistake, and the real functions of Liu-Chi-Nu could not be trusted and so Liu-Chi-Nu was discarded as useless. What was glorious and splendid in the past loses its splendor nowadays.
The objectives of this research aim at using real drugs in practical field, and locating the sources of misuse. After inspecting literature, analyzing medicinal pictures, arid comparing raw medicinal tissue slices, the reseaarther obtains the following conclusions:
1. The consumer trading dealers introduce the wrong Liu-Chi-Nu, so that the consumer hospitals, pharmacectical companies, drugstores and dispensaries are unable and powerless to make any choice.
2. Users have long been fooled by the misuse and have created an appeasement psychclogy without distinguishing the real from the fake.
3. It is difficult to show the effect of Liu-Chi-Nu, because the Liu-Chi-Nu sold on the market is not the same as the original Liu-Chi-Nu, even though they have the same name. The discrepancy causes doctors to question their diagnosis so that they discontinue using Liu-Chi-Nu.
4. The ambiguity of legislation: the space for law-enforcement choice is too big, high degree of professional difficulty.
Putting all the above together, there is only one kind of Liu-Chi-Nu, which is 1.珍珠蒿 in Taiwan Flora and 奇蒿in China Flora. The scientific name is Artemisia anomala S. Moo(subscript RE) Such names as Liu-Chi-Nu soup, powder or all diseases related to blooding (血證) Liu-Chi-Nu are all referring to Artemisia anomala S Moo(subscript RE).

並列關鍵字

Liu-Chi-Nu ； Medicinal herbs