Zhu Xi, in his Textual Criticism of Han Yu's Works, criticizes Fang Songqing's Collated Works of Han Yu. This criticism reflects two different kinds of ideas about textual collation, and the theoretical conflict between them. An examination of Zhu Xi's critique of Fang Songqing contributes to an understanding and evaluation of Zhu and Song's standards of textual collation, as well as Zhu's real intention behind his criticism of Fang. Furthermore, it sheds light on the separation of the ”document-based” school and the ”reasoning” school in the development of traditional textual criticism.