台北市公車受補貼路線1996-1999年度生產力變動之研究

Productivity Changes of Subsidized Routes for Taipei City Bus Transit in 1996-1999

陳敦基(Dun-Ji Chen) ； 李明彥(Eric M. Y. Lee)

《運輸計劃季刊》 32卷1期 (2003/03) Pp. 1-30

https://doi.org/10.6402/TPJ.200303.0001

摘要

「促大方案」所實施營運虧損補貼，係國內首度對包括民營在內之大眾運輸業者之「直接金錢補貼」。本文即以台北市聯營公車業者為研究對象，探討在現行補貼制度下，其對受補貼路線所發生之經濟性影響。本文首先分別建立公車處個別與聯營公車整體之受補貼路線Translog成本函數，並採用本研究所推導可反映「補貼效果」之總要素生產力(TFP)成長關係式，剖析其受補貼路線所具有經濟特性及生產力之變化。主要實證結果顯示：(1)補貼前三期公車處營運成本呈小幅下降，補貼近三期呈增加趨勢，而聯營公車在近三期則呈現成本下降且變動幅度較公車處顯著；(2)公車處受補貼路線因出現技術變動效果造成總要素生產力略為下降，其受補貼路線生產力則每下愈況，其中大型車生產力下降幅度尤較小型車為大；(3)聯營公車中受補貼較多之單位，生產力下降幅度相對亦較大，而公車處因補貼所致之生產力負向變動則大於民營單位。此外，本文建議可依據最小有效規模(MES)觀念，尋求路線之最適營運產出，做為個別路線補貼之上限，以促使業者改善其營運績效。

關鍵字

虧損補貼 ； 成本函數 ； 生產力變動 ； 總要素生產力 ； 最小有效規模

並列摘要

The program of Mass Transit Development and Promotion is our government s first subsidy ever for the operation deficits of the mass transit operators, including the private ones. This study explores the economic effects of subsidy under the existing subsidy system for the bus transit operator of Taipei city. Firstly, the Translog cost functions of the subsidized route are established respectively for the Public Bus Administration (PBA) and Joint Operation Bus Transit (JOBT). Then, the equation of total factor productivity (TFP), which could reflect the subsidy effect, is derived in the study. The methods described are imposed to analyze the economic characteristics and productivity changes of the subsidized routes of transit buses. The major findings of the empirical study are as follows. (1) The operation cost of PBA had been decreased in the first three periods and was increased gradually in the last three periods, Whereas the operation cost of JOBT was decreased in the last period, and changed significantly than these of the PBA. (2) The total factor productivity of PBA was decreased in the analyzed period, due to the effect of technical changes. The productivity of the subsidized routes of the PBA were worsened, and the productivity of large-sized vehicles was decreased more than these of the small- sized vehicles. (3) The more the unit of the JOBT was subsidized, the worse the productivity became, and the productivity of the PBA had been decreased more than these of the private units. Furthermore, this paper suggests that the optimum output (i.e. frequency) of operated route could be obtained based on the concept of minimum efficient scale (MES), and could also be regarded as the ceiling of subsidy standard by the governmental agency. This will enhance the operator improvement of their operation performance.

並列關鍵字

Subsidy of deficit ； Cost function ； Productivity change ； Total factor productivity ； Minimum efficient scale

參考文獻

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