911事件之後,美國窮於應付國際恐怖主義蔓延之際,不再純淨的校園依然發生數起傷亡慘重的重大槍擊事件,使被美國人視為偏差行為人格養成的美國各級學校教育環境的惡名雪上加霜。 研究指出,存在於各級學校慣常發生的校園霸凌事件,常是包括校園槍擊事件、重大暴力事件、犯罪事件等重大負向行為的源頭。本文藉助美國「久病成良醫」的防處校園事件之寶貴經驗,從各項研究、評估文獻中,尤其本文附錄之當前美國教育機構對校園安全防護之具體措施中,找尋可供臺灣目前還算純淨的各級校園安全規劃之參考依據,期望我國校園可免落入美國校園之困境,使我國校園依然是社會的清流。 研究同時也指出,學生的學業成績表現、能力分班的教育政策,以及學生對學校的疏離是形成校園暴行發生的三個主因;本文也認為,從嚴密監控學生活動、抗制幫會進入校園、設定校園安全區域,以及加強校園安全管理等消極面的措施,抑或全力改善教育氛圍、確立教育價值準則,以及其他實務介入的積極處理方式,均是建構安全的學校教育環境的可行方法。然而這些具體措施,在學校的行政人員與老師若能徹底明瞭校園暴力與校園霸凌事件之定義、類別,尤其注意防範這類負向行為之徵候之後,當更能發揮防護校園安全之實質效果。 最後,校園之外的社區每一分子,如何扭轉其崇尚暴力正義的價值觀,並從本身拒斥暴力的實際行為做起,從而建構友善的校園,期使祥和的生活環境,就從校園開始,而至社區,終而再拓展至整個社會。
After the 9/11 tragedy terrorist attacks, the peaceful environment of several school campuses has been destroyed by serious school shooting incidents in the United States. Thus the bad reputation of the American school environment-as a place where deviant student behavior is often manifested-has become still worse. Studies have pointed out that shootings, other violent and homicidal incidents are all just more extreme cases of campus bullying. Studies have also pointed out that students' academic failure, their sense of alienation in and from their schools, and the policy of tracking are three of the main causes of violence on school campuses. With the security of Taiwan's own schools in mind, this paper will look at recently-developed U.S. strategies for both prevention and treatment of these violent campus incidents. This paper outlines four steps necessary to the elimination of crime in schools: the control of student activities, control of gangs, setting up of a safe area in schools, and increased security. Also, improving the schools' atmosphere and establishing the value of education could help to make school campuses safer. However, the first step is to help administrative personnel and teachers understand the nature and types of campus violence. Finally, this paper proposes that every member outside of the campus community should change his value of resorting to violence, refuse violence, and construct a friendly campus. All make a peaceful living environment from campuses, communities, and the society.