海洋教育議題在國中地理教學的實踐

教育部於民國96年公布《海洋教育政策白皮書》之後，進而於民國97年將海洋教育納入九年一貫課程七大學習領域的新興議題之一。由於海洋教育強調以海洋為核心，強化學校的海洋教育內容、培養優質的海洋人才作為政策的目標，所以在各級學校中推動相關的海洋教育課程作為落實海洋教育的具體工作。四年多來，教育部及所屬的各縣市教育局即紛紛進行海洋議題融入各學習領域的各種課程活動設計和主題研習，並設立海洋教育網進行海洋議題的討論和資訊的提供，足見海洋教育新興議題在現今中小學教學場域推動的積極性。然而第一線的教師在面對依各領域主題軸、能力指標所編寫的教材時，如何從學科知織脈絡調整課程，將海洋教育的能力指標融入課程中？本文以社會領域的地理科教學為討論對象，分析海洋教育課綱和社會學習領域的關係、討論地理教材中的「海洋」地位、提出相對應的地理教學策略。分析結果：海洋教育課綱中各主題材的13項能力指標可融入8項的國中社會領域能力指標，其中以對應到社會領主義「人與空間」主題軸下的指標為多數，有些社會學習領域的內容可融入海洋指標，但未被列出。《基本內容》中與海洋相關的內容有限，除了海岸地形是將「海洋」視為主題之外，海洋通常是作為應用概念的客體，因此為了達到「親海、知海、愛海」的目標，地理教學策略可分為二，首先是在一般課程中可強化「海洋」的影響作用，其次利用彈性、空白課程的時間，設計將「海洋」視為一區域實體的課程，整合相關地理概念，以鋪陳認識、親近、愛惜海洋的整體性目的。由於教學時數限制、課程規劃限制，田野實察雖為實踐親海、知海、愛海的教學方法，仍須依賴其他課程時間配合。

關鍵字

九年一貫；海洋教育；田野實察；地理教學；社會學習領域

並列摘要

In 1997, Marine education has been incorporated into the Important Issues of the Grade 1-9 Curriculum Guidelines. The Government educational institutions promote marine education programs at all levels schools. But primary and secondary school teachers how to discipline, or to adjust curriculum including the Competence indicators of marine education into the original curriculum? As geography teaching of Social Studies learning Field an example, the aim in this paper is to explore the Ability Indicators relationship between the Marine Education Curriculum and the Curriculum of the Social Studies learning Field, and to analysis the ”Ocean” content written in the Basic Text, to provide corresponding geographical teaching strategies.The results of this analysis: there are 13 topics axis' ability indices of Marine Education Curriculum can be integrated into the project of Social Studies learning Field competence indicators, which corresponds to 'the people and space' theme indicators for the majority, some other marine ability indices which didn't be written can be included still. Geography textbooks, only the coastal landform unit is as the ”ocean” the theme, the ocean is usually the applied object of concepts, so in order to meet the goal of Marine Education, there are two geography teaching strategies' the first, as ”Ocean ” a regional entity, to enhance the effect of the ”Ocean” in the general curriculum, the second, using other Curriculum Schedule to operating the ”Ocean” course.