海洋國土的規劃：願景、範圍與主要議題

Planning for Taiwan's Maritime Territory: Visions, Limits and Major Issues

邱文彥(Wen-Yan Chiau)

《都市與計劃》 34卷3期 (2007/09) Pp. 241-272

https://doi.org/10.6128/CP.34.3.241

摘要

海洋對於氣候調節、水文循環、以及生態系統的運作輔育，發揮著重要的功能；海洋支持了濱海陸域和大多數人類的生存及發展，對於文明演進，社經發展和食物供應，自古以來即扮演了關鍵的角色。海洋也被稱為「人類共同的資產」，是無數生物棲息的場所，也是眾多礦產和物質蘊藏的寶庫，更是世世代代人類存續的命脈。因此，海洋豐富而多樣的資源，以及無窮的發展潛力，已然是舉世關注、積極獲取的「新疆域」或「藍色國土」，「海洋經濟」也隱隱然成為許多海洋國家經社發展計畫的新興領域。過去我國對於海洋事務並不重視，典章制度「重陸輕海」，對於海洋規範與理念較為缺乏，相關事務也欠缺整合，因而逐漸浮現諸多問題，即便是「國土計畫法」草案中，對於海洋的論述與規範也欠周延。本文首先要述當前浮現的問題，繼由海洋經營管理的緣起與理念著手，彙整論述重要海洋國家的願景及重要作為；再由國土規劃的角度，探討「海洋國土」的規劃邊界應該延伸何處；最後針對海洋管理體制的強化，探討其面臨的主要議題，並提出總體性的建議。本文之目的在藉此一初步研究，提供未來國土或區域計畫中海洋領域規劃和後續研究之參考。

關鍵字

規劃 ； 海洋國土 ； 願景 ； 議題 ； 台灣

並列摘要

The world's oceans have important roles in regulating global climate, water cycles, and the functions of ecosystems. Oceans also provide food, support economies of coastal communities, and foster the development of coastal countries. In this regard, oceans are recognized as ”common property,” a ”new frontier,” or the ”blue territory.” Additionally, the ”maritime economy” is emerging as a new and integral part of Taiwan's socioeconomic development plan. However, marine affairs have been neglected for several decades in Taiwan. Discussion and content in the national land use plan concerning the marine environment and coastal management are limited. Therefore, this study discusses ocean policies and visions for sustainable development of major oceanic countries, explores the ways in which maritime territorial limits are delineated, and proposes several strategies for dealing with major issues facing marine environment and coastal management in Taiwan. This study generates preliminary and fundamental research results as a reference for future planning and management of Taiwan's maritime territory.

並列關鍵字

Planning ； Maritime territory ； Vision ； issues ； Taiwan

參考文獻

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