Service-Differentiated Pricing during Busy Periods with Partial Competition from the Private Sector

Yi-Fei Chuang ； S. Judy Wang Chiang

《經濟研究》 34卷2期 (1996/07) Pp. 149-169

https://doi.org/10.29765/TEI.199607.0002

摘要

本文探討具尖峰特性的公用事業其經營環境由獨佔轉型為部分服務面臨競爭的定價問題，文中首先說明服務別尖峰定價之特性，利用立即服務與可延後服務之不同取價以充份利用產能。研究顯示處理方式之一般化次佳價格，除受自身價格彈性影響外亦受服務項目以及處理方式彼此之間交叉彈性的影響，同時也受私部門競爭之交叉彈性的影響。如果消費者之立即處理需求僅發生於夜間〈尖峰期〉，則立即處理與可延後處理方式之價格皆大於處理邊際成本。如果存在私部門競爭，各服務項目間需求獨立，處理方式之需求亦獨立；且訂價目標為追求社會福利之最大，而競爭的服務市場為完全競爭市場，其價格訂在邊際成本處，則此時公營公用事業之立即處理服務之價格有可能高於或低於立即處理之平均邊際成本。

關鍵字

尖峰訂價 ； 部分競爭 ； 郵政費率

並列摘要

We discuss the problem of pricing during busy periods for a public sector industry facing a transition from a monopolistic environment to a partially service-competitive environment when limited deferrability of service is possible. We first explain the characteristics of service-differentiated pricing. The preferential service and the deferrable service are priced differently in order to utilize the capacity of the industry.
Not only the own price elasticity and the cross elasticity between two services and between two mail-processing operations (preferential and deferrable service) but also the cross elasticity between services from competing private sectors affect the general second-best pricing of a public sector industry. The second-best pricing would be under-estimated if competition between public and private sectors is ignored. If cross elasticity of demand between two services is zero, and if cross elasticity of preferential and deferrable service is zero, then the deferrable processing service should pay the ”day shift”(off-peak)cost and the preferential service processed during nonpremium hours (the ”day shift”) should pay part of the ”night shift” cost (peak, processing in the premium period). If the objective is to maximize social welfare, and if the private sector is a competitive market, the price of the preferential service might not equal its marginal cost.

並列關鍵字

Peakload Pricing ； Partial Competition ； Rate of Postal Services