摘要
從經濟學的觀點而言，擁擠爲一外部性問題，將因擁擠造成的外部成本內生化，可對擁擠現象課徵擁擠稅以反應用路者的真實成本。本研究所探討的擁擠稅問題乃考慮多組起迄旅次之用路者並加上需求法則之效果。因此，擁擠稅課徵的數額應隨不同旅次起迄用路者而有所差異。本研究乃導出一高速公路在不同起迄旅次用路者擁擠稅的理論模型，並以一數值化例子分析當用路者的邊際成本、不同起迄旅次用路者之需求彈性變動時，課擁擠稅前後的均衡起迄車流量、均衡區間車流量與擁擠稅額之改變情形。結果顯示擁擠稅的課徵雖然會使區間車流量下降，但因各組起迄車流量在共用路段的相互影響，可能使某起迄車流量在課稅後反而呈現增加的現象。
並列摘要
From the view of economists, congestion is an externality problem. To endogenize the external cost resulting from congestion, we can levy a congestion tax on the users to reflect their real costs. We discuss the congestion problem by considering multiple origin-destination (O-D) users as well as the effect of demand rule. Therefore, the congestion tax rate on different O-D users should be different. This study is to derive a theoretical model of congestion tax for various O-D users on a highway. A numerical example is employed to analyze the changes on equilibrium O-D traffic volumes, equilibrium section traffic volumes, and congestion tax rate when (a) users' marginal costs and (b) the demand elasticities of various O-D users change respectively. We show that levying a congestion tax on users would decrease the section traffic volumes as expected. However, because of the interaction among the O-D traffic volumes on the common section(s) of highway, some O-D traffic volumes might increase after levying taxes.
參考文獻
被引用紀錄
延伸閱讀
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