本文旨在建立隨機邊界產出成長率函數,在變動規模報酬的假設下,探討起始所得水準、實體資本、金融發展、人力資本與勞動力對各國經濟成長之影響,進而重新檢視收斂假說,並進行國家技術效率與總要素生產力分解之跨國分析。蒐集1980年至2000年74個樣本國家之平衡縱橫資料,實證分析主要發現有四:(i)實體資本與人力資本具有互補關係,金融發展與實體資本具替代性,但與人力資本呈互補關係;(ii)低、中所得國家皆呈現所得收斂現象,且低所得國家之收斂速度較快,而高所得國家則無所得收斂情形;(iii)高所得國家享有較高的資本邊際生產力,低所得國家則以勞動與人力資本的邊際貢獻較大,並享有規模經濟;(iv)全體國家之總要素生產力平均以每年3.52%的速度成長,其中以中所得國家速度最快;中、高所得國家主要成長來源皆為技術進步,低所得國家則為規模效果。
This study applies the stochastic translog production frontier under variable returns to scale to investigate the effects of initial income, capital stock, financial development, human capital, and labor on a country's economic growth, in which each variable is transformed by taking the first difference in order to delete any inherent non-stationarity. This modeling tests the convergence hypothesis and decomposes productivity change into various elements. We collect data from 74 countries, covering 1980-2000, and find evidence that capital stock and human capital are complements, and that financial development is a substitute for human capital, but a complement for human capital. This study supports the convergence hypothesis through low and middle-income countries, whereby the speed of convergence in low-income countries is faster than in middle-income countries, while this study rejects the hypothesis for high-income countries. We note that the marginal productivity of capital of high-income countries is the highest, and that the marginal productivities of labor and human capital of low-income countries are the highest. Moreover, the average growth rate of total factor productivity for the sample states is equal to 3.52% per annum.