臺灣個人勞動所得不均度成因之分解

Decomposition of the Determinants of Labor Income Inequality in Taiwan

陳建良(Chien-Liang Chen) ； 曹添旺(Tien-Wang Tsaur) ； 林佑龍(Yo-Long Lin)

《經濟研究》 55卷2期 (2019/07) Pp. 147-190

摘要

本研究採分量迴歸與重複抽樣（bootstrapping），搭配1990年至2014年長達25年期間的個人年度勞動所得資料，以新方法和新資料型態探討勞動所得不均度變化，歸因於薪資所得者的教育年數、工作經驗、性別、婚姻狀態、公私部門與產業別等，各種特性所佔比例，並進行分配變化趨勢成因的擬真分解。結果發現，教育年數及教育報酬率的提高，有助於勞動所得的全面提升，尤以中間和基層勞工的受益較大；產業別的報酬率變化，反映金融海嘯之後的產業結構演進，對低所得族群有較大的負面衝擊。至於其他特性和報酬率的分配，影響效果都屬其次。本研究結果隱含，透過合理的補貼和在職訓練，提升弱勢族群的教育報酬率，有助於勞動所得不均度的改善。

關鍵字

勞動所得 ； 不均度 ； 分量迴歸 ； 擬真分解

並列摘要

Using twenty-five years of data from 1990 to 2014 on individual annual labor income, this study analyzes the determinants of Taiwan's labor income inequality based on a quantile regression technique with the bootstrap method. We utilize new econometric methods and data sources to examine whether changes in labor income inequality are attributable to workers' education years, working experience, gender, marital status, public or private sector employment, and industry sectors. The results suggest that more schooling years and larger marginal rates of return to education lead to increases in an individual's labor income, especially for low- and middle-income workers. Changes in returns to different industry sectors show that industrial structure adjustments arising from the 2008-2009 global financial tsunami may have an adverse effect on low-income labors. Other factors that affect wage inequality are secondary. The results therefore imply that governments can reduce labor income inequality through education subsidies and on-the-job trainings for the disadvantageous workers.

並列關鍵字

Labor Income ； Inequality ； Quantile Regression ； Counterfactual Decomposition

參考文獻

OECD (2012), Economic Policy Reforms 2012: Going for Growth, Paris: OECD Publishing, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/growth-2012-en

朱雲鵬 Chu, Yun-Peng (1991)，「家戶大小與所得分配：1980 與 1989 年台灣實證研究」“Household Size and Income Distribution: Empirical Study on Taiwan, 1980 and 1989”，中國經濟學會年會論文集 The Chinese Economic Association Annual Conference Proceedings，287-308。(in Chinese)

江豐富 Jiang, Feng-Fuh (2008)，「從勞動所得估計臺灣的人力資本生產與投資」 “The Estimation of Human Capital Production and Investment from Earnings”，臺灣經濟預測與政策 Taiwan Economics Forecast and Policy，38:2，111-140。(in Chinese)

李浩仲、翁培真 Li, Hao-Chung and Pei-Chen Weng (2015)，「台灣出口產品品質的演進」“The Evolution of Taiwanese Export Quality”，經濟論文叢刊 Taiwan Economic Review，43:1，1-51。(in Chinese with English abstract)

吳慧瑛 Wu, Huoying (1998)，「家戶人口規模與所得分配，1976-1995」“Household Size and Income Inequality in Taiwan, 1976-1995”，經濟論文 Academia Economic Papers，26:1，19-50。(in Chinese with English abstract)