外籍勞工對本國勞工薪資與雇用之影響：臺灣之實證研究

The Impact of Foreign Labor on Domestic Wages and Employment: Evidence from Taiwan

李長泰(Chang-Tai Lee) ； 張景福(Ching-Fu Chang)

《經濟研究》 55卷2期 (2019/07) Pp. 279-321

摘要

本文係以2002年至2014年臺灣各縣市行業之本國勞工及外籍勞工就業人數的合併資料，以及勞保被保險人與事業單位檔案的合併資料，分別從勞工層級與廠商層級的角度來探討引進外籍勞工對整體本國勞動市場以及製造業各行業在薪資與雇用之影響。研究中除了直接以外籍勞工密集度作為解釋變數並以固定效果模型進行分析外，亦採用「差異中的差異」（difference-in-differences）方法並針對製造業做進一步之驗證。經估計後我們發現，引進外籍勞工對本國勞工之薪資與雇用有負面影響，但此效果隨著性別、職業類型以及行業別的不同而存有明顯差異，然而整體而言仍是以負面影響居多。

關鍵字

外籍勞工 ； 本國勞工 ； 薪資 ； 就業

並列摘要

This study sets out to investigate the impact of foreign labor on the wages and employment of local workers from both the individual-level and firm-level perspectives. By matching several survey and administrative data-sets from 2002 to 2014, we specifically use the density of foreign labor in each industry and in each firm as the key explanatory variable for the individual-level and firm-level estimations, and further employ the fixed effects model and difference-in-differences approach to deal with the endogenous problem caused by some unobserved factors. Our results show that there is indeed a negative impact of foreign labor on the wages and employment of local workers, but the effects vary significantly with gender, job categories, and industrial classifications.

並列關鍵字

Foreign Labor ； Native Worker ； Wage ； Employment

參考文獻

江豐富 Jiang, Feng-Fuh (2006)，「外勞引進對本國勞工失業、職業選擇及薪資之影響」“Impacts of Foreign Worker Importation on the Unemployment, Occupational Choice and Wage Rates of Local Workers”，臺灣經濟預測與政策 Taiwan Economics Forecast and Policy，37:1，69-111。( in Chinese with English abstract)

辛炳隆、劉宜君 Hsin, Ping-Lung and I-Chun Liu (2015)，實施 3K 產業外勞新制之影響及效益評估 The Effect Benefit Evaluation of the Implementation of the New System of Foreign Workers in the 3K Industry，勞動部勞動力發展署研究計畫 Research Project of Workforce Development Agency, Ministry of Labor。(in Chinese)

吳惠林、張清溪 Wu, Hui-Lin and Ching-His Chang (1991)，臺灣地區的勞力短缺與外籍勞工問題 A Study of the Labor Shortage and Foreign Workers in Taiwan，臺北：中華經濟研究院 Taipei: Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research。(in Chinese)

李誠 Lee, Joseph S (2007)，「外勞在臺灣經濟發展過程中所扮演的角色 」 “The Role of Foreign Workers in Taiwan’s Economic Development”，臺灣外籍勞工研究 Study of the Foreign Workers in Taiwan，羅紀ઘ主編 ed., Joan C. Lo，9-43，臺北：中央研究院經濟研究所 Taipei: The Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica。(in Chinese)

周濟、陳坤銘 Chou, Ji and Kun-Ming Chen (1999)，「引進外籍勞工對臺灣經濟影響之一般均衡實證分析」“A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis of the Impacts of Importing Foreign Workers on Taiwan's Economy”，亞太經濟管理評論 Asia-Pacific Economic and Management Review，3:1，1-19。(in Chinese with English abstract)