兩性工作平等法對性別薪資差異的影響：臺灣之實證研究

The Effects of Gender Equality Law on Gender Wage Differentials: Evidence from Taiwan

張景福(Ching-Fu Chang)

《經濟研究》 59卷1期 (2023/01) Pp. 111-167

摘要

兩性薪資差異一直以來皆是勞動經濟領域中的重要議題，雖然目前已有不少文獻專注於兩性之間薪資差異的影響因素進行討論，但鮮少文獻針對「兩性工作平等法」對性別薪資差異的影響進行研究。故本研究企圖以1999年至2005年的人力運用調查資料為基礎，並使用差異中的差異佐以傾向分數配對法（difference-in-differences propensity score matching）與三重差異法（difference-in-differences-in-differences）來估計此法對性別薪資差異影響之政策效果。在利用不同的實驗組與控制組分析後，本研究發現此法施行將有助於兩性薪資差異縮小。

關鍵字

性別薪資差異 ； 兩性工作平等法 ； 政策效果

並列摘要

Despite a growing strand of literature investigating the determinants of gender wage differentials, there is still little evidence on the relationship between gender equality law and gender wage differentials. Therefore, this research investigates the impacts of gender equality law on gender wage differentials in Taiwan. We utilize the 1999-2005 Manpower Utilization Survey as the empirical foundation and employ difference-in-differences with propensity score matching and the difference-in-differences-in-differences method for our examination of the policy effects. By setting different treatment and control groups, our results show that the wage of female workers has increased while the wage of male workers has not changed significantly after implementation of the gender equality law. Therefore, implementation of this law helped contribute to reducing gender wage differentials in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Gender Wage Differentials ； Gender Equality Law ； Policy Effects

參考文獻

吳映嫻 Wu, Ying-Hsien (2012)，「職業區隔程度對男女薪資差異之影響分析」“The Effect of Occupational Segregation on Male-Female Wage Differentials”，碩士論文 M.A. Thesis，國立中央大學經濟學系Department of Economics, National Central University。(in Chinese with English abstract)

吳慧瑛 Wu, Huo-Ying (2003)，「二十年來教育發展之經濟評估，1978-2001」“Returns to Schooling in Taiwan, 1978-2001”，臺灣經濟預測與政策 Taiwan Economic Forecast and Policy，33:2，97-130。(in Chinese with English abstract)

林忠正 Lin, Chung-Cheng (1988)，「初入勞動市場階段之工資性別差異」“Gender Differences in Wages at the Initial Stage of Entry into the Labor Market”，經濟論文叢刊 Taiwan Economic Review，16:3，305-322。(in Chinese with English abstract)

徐美、陳明郎、方俊德 Hsu, Mei, Been-Lon Chen, and Jiun-Der Fang (2006)，「臺灣產業結構變遷和性別歧視對男女薪資溢酬變動趨勢之影響」“The Effects of Industrial Structure and Sex Discrimination on Changes in Female and Male Wage Differential in Taiwan 1978-2003”，經濟論文 Academia Economic Papers，34:4，505-539。(in Chinese with English abstract)

陳建良 Chen, Chien-Liang (2007)，「臺灣公私部門工資差異的擬真分解-分量迴歸分析」“Counterfactual Decomposition of Public-Private Sector Wage Differentials in Taiwan: Evidence from Quantile Regression”，經濟論文 Academia Economic Papers，35:4，473-520。(in Chinese with English abstract)