郭店《老子》思想管窺

A Preliminary Study of the Political Thought in Guodian Laozi

張其賢(Chishen Chang)

《人文及社會科學集刊》 30卷4期 (2018/12) Pp. 571-609

摘要

本文將郭店《老子》視為一開放性的文本，以先秦所有文獻，作為詮釋其中重要思想用語義涵之根據。郭店甲「絕聖棄智」章中的「樸」，個人將之釋為「作為特定政策結果之民情單純」。郭店《老子》中的「無名」，釋為「取實去名」，無為」之「為」釋為「立名、重名」；「無為」解為「勿以名為務，取實而去名」；「無不為」解為「使實自為」；「自然」釋為「有實無名」。郭店《老子》呈現出的政治思想，可總結為：「抑制思想言論，重農抑工商，去除名／貌／飾／謀，使民情返回重實去名、使實自為的狀態。「無為」的精髓並非尊重放任一切現狀，而是復樸。

關鍵字

郭店老子 ； 樸 ； 無名 ； 無為 ； 自然

並列摘要

This article aims to propose a new way of studying the ideas and political thought contained in Guodian Laozi. This new way consists of presenting other relevant texts and ideas of the pre-Qin period as annotative materials for interpreting the connotations of certain key concepts in the target text. Using such a method, I argue that pu might be understood as the simplicity resulting from a policy which promotes agriculture and discourages luxurious crafts and commerce, wuming as ＂retaining the substance and discarding nominal form＂, wuwei as ＂refraining from pursuing nominalism＂, and ziran as ＂abiding by the substance of beings＂.

並列關鍵字

Guodian Laozi ； pu ； wuming ； wuwei ； ziran

參考文獻

丁四新 2000 《郭店楚墓竹簡思想研究》。北京:東方出版社。(Ding, Sixin, 2000, An Intellectual Study of Guodian Chu Tomb Bamboo Texts. Beijing: East Publisher.)

丁四新 2010 《郭店楚竹書《老子》校注》。武漢:武漢大學出版社。(Ding, Sixin, 2010, Collation and Annotations of Guodian Chu Bamboo Text of Laozi. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press.)

丁原植 1999 〈就竹簡資料看《文子》與解《老》傳承〉,《道家文化研究》17:81-117。(Ding, Yuanzhi, 1999, “On the Relation between Wenzi and Laozi Based on Bamboo Texts," Studies of Daoist Culture 17: 81-117.)

王天海(校釋) 2005 《荀子校釋》全二冊。上海:上海古籍出版社。(Wang, Tienhai (ed.), 2005, Collation and Annotations of Xunzi, 2 Vols. Shanghai: Shanghai Guji Press.)

王卡(點校) 1993 《老子道德經河上公章句》。北京:中華書局。(Wang, Ka (ed.), 1993, He Shang Gong Version of Laozi Dao De Jin. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.)