冷戰時期非政府組織的中介與介入：自由亞洲協會、亞洲基金會的東南亞文化宣傳（1951-1959）

Intermediaries and Interventions of NGOs in the Cold War: Southeast Asian Culture Propaganda of CFA and TAF (1951-1959)

王梅香(Mei-hsiang Wang)

《人文及社會科學集刊》 32卷1期 (2020/03) Pp. 123-158

摘要

本文從權力中介者角度，探討自由亞洲協會、亞洲基金會在東南亞文化宣傳中權力運作的多重面向。冷戰時期非政府組織聯結美國官方和海外華人，並因其協商位置，使其在外部的政治利益和內部的理念價值間有所衝突和權衡。本文說明非政府組織的階段性變化，從原本的經費贊助者、政策輔助者，逐漸轉變爲介入者，扮演自由價值捍衛者和宣傳網絡建置者等多重角色。其次，非政府組織逐漸成爲行動主體，發展出自身的宣傳理念和策略。最後，非政府組織透過跨國中介，將美方的宣傳目標，中介給香港在地的行動者，然後傳播至東南亞，形成跨國層級中介的現象。

關鍵字

文化冷戰 ； 權力理論 ； 中介者 ； 亞洲出版社 ； 友聯出版社

並列摘要

This article explores the multiple aspects of the power operation of the Committee for a Free Asia (CFA) and the Asian Foundation (TAF) in the Southeast Asian cultural propaganda field during the Cold War from the perspective of power intermediaries. Non-governmental organizations during the Cold War connected the United States officials and overseas Chinese, and because of their negotiating position, made them try to balance the conflicts between political interests and internal values. This study argues that NGOs gradually changed their roles from sponsors of funds and facilitators to interventionists. NGOs are active participants, acting as value defenders of freedom and advocacy network builders. Second, NGOs have gradually become the subject of action, developing their own propaganda concepts and strategies. Finally, NGOs mediate the propaganda goals of the U.S. to the actors in Hong Kong, disseminate their information to Southeast Asia and form a transnational hierarchical intermediary.

並列關鍵字

cultural Cold War ； power theories ； intermediaries ； Asian Press ； United Press

參考文獻

中央社訊 1952〈胡適博士今向大陸廣播〉。聯合報，1月26日，第1版。(Central News Agency, 1952, “Dr. Hu Shi Broadcasted to the Mainland China Today,” United Daily News, January 26, p. 1.)

中央社訊 1958〈史麟書昨讚揚輔導僑生工作認已獲得極大成功〉。聯合報，7月11日，第3版。(Central News Agency, 1958, “Shi Linshu Praised the Work of Guiding Overseas Chinese Yesterday. He Believed That It Has Achieved Remarkable Success,” United Daily News, July 11, p. 3.)

王世榕 1997《第三部門：美國亞洲協會與台灣》。高雄：財團法人亞太綜合研究院。(Wang, Shi-rong, 1997, The Third Sector: American Asian Foundation and Taiwan. Kaohsiung: Asia Pacific Research Foundation.)

王梅香 2015〈隱蔽權力：美援文藝體制下的台港文學（1950-1962）〉，國立清華大學社會學研究所博士論文。(Wang, Mei-hsiang, 2015, “Unattributed Power: Taiwan and Hong Kong Literature under the U.S. Aid Literary Institution (1950-1962),” Ph.D. Dissertation, Institute of Sociology, National Tsing-Hua University.)

官有垣 2004《半世紀耕耘：美國亞洲基金會與台灣社會發展》。臺北：財團法人台灣亞洲基金會。(Kuan, Yu-yuan, 2004, Fifty Years of Partnership: The Asia Foundation and Taiwan’s Social Development. Taipei: The Asia Foundation in Taiwan.)