異質廠商、獨占性競爭與貿易政策

本文以異質廠商的獨占性競爭部份均衡模型，探討對稱二國之間的產業內貿易。全文之分析焦點在於從價關稅和進口限額二種貿易政策之均等性分析。研究發現，開放貿易後市場上的商品種類減少，但是消費者的效用提高。此一結果與Krugman (1979)認爲貿易可以增加商品的種類數目相反，也不符合傳統「種類愈多效用愈高」的結論。就關稅政策和限額政策做比較時本文的結果顯示，二種政策之下商品種類數目之相對高低視關稅與限額價格而定。在有效的限額管制之下，限額費率愈低市場上的商品種類愈少；然而不論商品種類多寡，消費者的效用恆等於關稅之下的水準。此一結論與Young and Anderson (1980)認爲關稅政策之下的消費者福利較高明顯不同。在本文架構下，關稅與限額二種政策的均等性在總合價格、消費者剩餘和國內產業利潤等方面都會成立。

關鍵字

異質廠商；進口限制均等性

並列摘要

This paper constructs a two-country intra-industry trade model with heterogeneous firms to analyze the effects of trade policy-tariffs and quotas. It shows that product variety decreases but consumer's utility increases after trade. This result contradicts the conclusion of Krugman (1979), who argues that variety increases after trade. And it is not consistent with the conventional wisdom: more variety leads to a higher utility level. The paper also shows that under an effective constraint, the lower the quota fee, the less the variety. However, regardless of variety, the consumer's utility under a quota regime is equivalent to that under a tariff regime. This finding contrasts sharply with the conclusion of Young and Anderson (1980), who argue that a tariff always generates higher consumer utility than a quota. Under our framework the equivalence of tariffs and quotas holds with respect to aggregate price, consumer's surplus and domestic profit.

並列關鍵字

firm heterogeneity ； import restriction equivalence

參考文獻

Antras, P.,Helpman, E.(2004).Global sourcing.The Journal of Political Economy.112,552-580.

Google Scholar

Aw, B. Y.,Chung, S.,Roberts, M. J.(2000).Productivity and turnover in the export market: Micro-level evidence from the Republic of Korea and Taiwan (China).World Bank Economic Review.14,65-90.