學歷和主修領域對薪資的影響－以「台灣青少年計畫」為例

The Effect of Diploma and Major on Earnings - Evidence from the Taiwan Youth Project

劉家樺(Chia-Hua Liu)

《經濟論文叢刊》 48卷4期 (2020/12) Pp. 611-669

https://doi.org/10.6277/TER.202012_48(4).0005

摘要

本文使用「台灣青少年計畫」，檢視學歷和主修領域對薪資的影響。薪資的衡量爲第一份和最近一份工作時薪。在考慮三種大學類型下，學歷分爲未上大學、大學（私立、一般國立和頂尖國立大學）、研究所（私立大學、一般國立大學和頂尖國立大學研究所），主修分成「人文社會農」和「理工醫」。發現：（1）在未考慮主修領域下，同等學歷中，一般國立與私立大學的薪資無顯著差異，頂尖國立大學的薪資高於私立大學；（2）相同大學類型中，學歷的提升對薪資有正向影響。在考慮主修領域下，前述結果仍多數成立。（3）最高學歷的大學類型才對薪資有影響之效果。（4）在未考慮主修領域下，同等學歷中，不同大學類型在轉職薪資變化上無顯著差異，而研究所轉職薪資變化高於大學。即使考慮主修領域，這些結果仍多數成立。

關鍵字

頂尖國立大學 ； 主修領域 ； 薪資 ； 收入不均等

並列摘要

The paper examines the effects of diploma and major on earnings. The analysis is based on a longitudinal panel survey from the Taiwan Youth Project. The measures of earnings are the logarithm of hourly wage for the first job and the most recent job. The college types are categorized into private college, regular national college, and elite national college. The majors are simplified into those related to Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, or Medicine (STEMM) and others (non-STEMM). The highest degree is catagorized as lower than college, college (private college, regular national college, and elite national college), or master's (master for private college, regular national college, and elite national college). Without considering the major field, the results show that (1) with the same diploma, there is no difference in earnings between private college and regular national college, but those with an elite national college degree have higher earnings than those with private college degrees. (2) A master's earns more than a college degree within the same college type. If the major field is taken into consideration, most of the aforementioned results still hold. (3) Only the college type of highest degree has effects on earnings. (4) Assuming the same academic qualifications, there is no significant effect on earnings when transferring from first to the latest job. However, within the same college type, for those with a master's, the change in earnings when transferring from the first to the most recent job is higher than for college graduates. These results still hold when the major field is considered.

並列關鍵字

Elite national college ； Field of major ； Earnings ； Inequality in earnings

參考文獻

涂柏原與章舜雯 (2000), “國中學生基本學力測驗的分數及相關議題,” 《教師天地》, 109, 9-17。 (Tu, Bo-Yuan and Shun-Wen Zhang (2000), “The Scores and Related Topics of the Basic Competence Test for Junior High School Students,” New Horizon Bimonthly For Teachers In Taipei, 109, 9–17.)

張宜君 (2017), “高等教育報酬的世代差異: 勞動市場結構轉型的影響,”《台灣教育社會學研究》, 17(1), 87-139。(Chang, Yi-Chun (2017), “Cohort Differences in Returns to Higher Education: The Role of Labor Market Transformation,” Taiwan Journal of Sociology of Education, 17(1), 87–139.)

張宜君與林宗弘 (2015), “台灣的高等教育擴張與階級複製: 混合效應維續的不平等,” 《台灣教育社會學研究》, 15(2), 85-129。 (Chang, Yi-Chun and Thung-Hong Lin (2015), “How does the Expansion of Higher Education Reproduce Class Inequality? The Case of Taiwan,” Taiwan Journal of Sociology of Education, 15(2), 85–129.)

張鈿富 (2006), 《大學多元入學機會與壓力》, 台北市: 五南圖書出版公司。(Zhang, Dian-Fu (2006), Opportunities and Pressures for Multiple University Admissions, Taipei: Wu-Nan Book inc.)

教育部 (2013), 《常態性大專學雜費調整方案草案》, URL: https://tinyurl.com/y4jgzfdj。 (Ministry of Education (2013), Draft Adjustment Plan for Normal College Tuition and Fees, URL: https://tinyurl.com/y4jgzfdj.)