臺灣工作貧窮：型態與成因

The Working Poor in Taiwan: Types and Causes

呂朝賢(Chao-Hsien Leu) ； 何華欽(Hua-Chin Ho)

《人口學刊》 63期 (2021/12) Pp. 1-49

https://doi.org/10.6191/JPS.202112_(63).0001

摘要

本文以1988-2016年行政院主計總處家庭收支調查資料，分析工作別貧窮風險與趨勢、工作家庭致貧因素及工作家庭貧窮率改變的影響來源。研究發現有：一、工作家戶成員、工作年齡人口占總體貧民的比例逐年下跌。二、人口少子女化與老化，改變臺灣貧民的組成，並且影響力將日漸加大。三、工作貧民率為「工作條件」、「家庭條件」、「環境／制度條件」等3變項的函數，但人力資本、家庭條件等2類變項在近年已漸失標示貧窮風險的敏感度。四、1988-2016年間工作貧民率變動，主要影響源為「家庭及其成員特徵」、影響力大小依序是環境／制度條件、工作條件、家庭條件。如上結果反映臺灣工作貧窮雖不嚴重，但家戶透過市場與政府收益改善貧困之力道仍舊薄弱，整體社會報酬及再分配機制在未來仍舊有改善的空間。

關鍵字

工作貧窮 ； 致貧因素 ； 貧民率

並列摘要

This study is based on the data from the Survey of Family Income and Expenditure by the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan. The analyses performed include risks of poverty and trends, causes of poverty in working family, and sources of change in working family poverty rate. There are four findings in this study: (1) The ratios of working household members and working-age population to the total population in poverty have decreased year by year. (2) The low fertility rate and aging problems have changed the constitution of the poor, and the influence of these problems will continue to rise. (3) The working poverty rate is determined by three variables: work conditions, family conditions, and environment/system conditions. However, in recent years, human capital and family conditions have gradually lost their sensitivity as indicators to the risks of poverty. (4) The main source of the fluctuations of the working poverty rates between 1988 and 2016 is from the characteristics of family and its members, which include environment/system conditions, work conditions, and family conditions, in order of decreasing influence. As reflected in the results, although the problem of working poor is not serious in Taiwan, the strength to alleviate household poverty through market and government revenues is still flimsy. The overall social return and redistribution system still has room for improvement in the future.

並列關鍵字

in-work poverty ； causes of poverty ； poverty rate

參考文獻

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