高齡租屋族群的特性與租屋歷程：奠基於住宅普查與住宅需求動向調查的發現

媒體數度以「蝸居老人」指稱一群都市中居住在簡陋出租屋宅的高齡者，2021年高雄城中城事件，讓弱勢群體居住問題再次浮上臺面，凸顯出屋宅租賃市場中，高齡獨居者的劣勢。本文運用2010年人口及住宅普查資料，呈顯高齡租屋族群的人口、家庭型態，與其住宅的特性，並以同年度內政部住宅需求動向調查，勾勒其租屋的歷程與處境。研究初步發現：一、2010年有七成七的高齡租屋族群處於獨居或近似獨居的狀態；二、相較於與親人同住的高齡者，獨居或近似獨居者承租到的屋宅狀況較差，而獨居者的屋宅狀況更差，顯示租屋年齡歧視對獨居者的影響更大；三、高齡者傾向於以親友介紹或傳統廣告的方式尋找租屋，在租屋歷程所經歷的困難較多，其承租的屋宅租金較便宜但坪數相對較小，且租金對於高齡者所造成的壓力亦較非高齡者高；四、未婚與經濟弱勢的高齡者較易承租到租屋市場中的次級產品；五、高齡租屋者所能承租到的房子，受其教育程度、家庭月收與家庭結構所影響。

關鍵字

高齡租屋者；獨居老人；年齡歧視；人口及住宅普查；住宅需求動向調查

並列摘要

The media has been repeatedly using the expression "elders in humble dwellings" to refer to elderly people who live in shabby rental housing in urban areas. A residential building fire in 2021 in Kaohsiung brought the housing problems of vulnerable groups back to forefront, highlighting the disadvantages experienced by the solitary elderly in the rental housing market. This study draws on the 2010 Population and Housing Census data to represent the population, family patterns, and housing characteristics of elderly tenants. It also outlines their renting experience and situation based on the Housing Demand Survey conducted by the Ministry of the Interior in the same year. The preliminary findings reveal that (1) In 2010, 77% of elderly tenants lived in solitude or quasi-solitude; (2) The housing conditions of the elderly who lived in solitude or quasi-solitude were poorer than for those who lived with relatives. The housing conditions of those who lived in solitude were even worse, showing that age discrimination in renting has a more significant impact on them; (3) The elderly tended to rent through the recommendation of relatives and friends or traditional advertisements. They experienced more difficulties in house renting. The housing they rented was cheap; however, its square footage was relatively small. Moreover, the rental pressure on the elderly was also higher than that on the non-elderly; (4) The unmarried and economically challenged elderly were more likely to rent secondary products in the rental housing market; (5) Finally, the housing conditions of elderly tenants were affected by their education level, family monthly income, and family structure.

並列關鍵字

elderly tenants ； elders living in solitude ； age discrimination ； Population and Housing Census ； Housing Demand Survey

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