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語言、歷史、哲學－論Quentin Skinner之政治思想方法論
Language, History and Philosophy-On the Methodology of Quentin Skinner
摘要
在二十世紀中，西方哲學界最蓬勃的發展之一，就是分析哲學的興起。隨著分析哲學的發展，西方哲學在語言分析、科學哲學、心靈哲學等都有著顯著的成果。這樣的哲學運動在政治思想研究裡也同樣可以發現影響力，其中的一個關鍵人物就是Quentin Skinner。本文的目的除了試圖發掘出Skinner的研究方法與分析哲學間的關係、以瞭解分析哲學對政治哲學研究的影響之外，也將討論Skinner理論中的一個問題：就是如何評價政治哲學文本的意義。Skinner的批評者通常都認為其理論過度強調作者意圖、而輕視文本本身的意義，以致於陷入一種歷史斷裂狀態。本文所要指出的是這樣的批評乃是基於一種誤解，認為Skinner只強調作者意圖。事實上Skinner的要旨在於：「意義」是一種叢集概念，只偏重文本或者作者意圖都是不全面的理解。
並列摘要
One of the most prominent developments in 20(superscript th) century western philosophy was the outburst of analytical philosophy. Not only can we find its influence within the fields of linguistic analysis, the philosophy of science and the philosophy of the mind, we can also see its impact in the study of political philosophy. Quentin Skinner stands out as one of the most important theorists. Besides making clear the implication of speech-act theory in Skinner's methodology, the purpose of this article is to respond to a common critique of Skinner: namely that Skinner seems to overemphasize the importance of the author's intention to restore the meaning of texts, since this accentuation of intention leads to a seemingly unacceptable conclusion that the literal meaning of the texts itself is non-essential. The author of this article, however, tries to argue that this critique is based on a misunderstanding of Skinner's idea. Since, for Skinner, meaning is a cluster concept which contains several levels of significance, it would be far from enough to merely focus on the literal meaning of any text. To fully understand a work, it is necessarily to take into account the author's intention.