解析跨大西洋貿易與投資夥伴協議（TTIP）：理想與現實的可能矛盾

本文透過對解析跨大西洋貿易與投資夥伴協議(TTIP)的研究，不僅反省新自由主義可能的困境，也對TTIP是否會影響歐洲統合的基石，以及TTIP能否扮演經濟上的北約(an economic NATO)角色提出看法。為解決2008年以來的經濟危機，歐美的政治菁英基於新自由主義理念企圖推動去管制化(deregulation)來降低生產成本，雙方認為跨大西洋貿易與投資夥伴協議(TTIP)可以為衰退的歐美經濟帶來成長。但研究顯示， TTIP帶來的成長是極其有限的;同時，此類研究被批評使用過於理想化的理論模型且具有強烈的目的性導向，即使如此樂觀的評估為真，其所估計的成長也不足為道。反觀創建TTIP的成本以及後續的負面效應，TTIP事實上會為美歐社會帶來許多問題，包括食安、消費者保護、勞工、環境、農業及醫療部門競爭，以及成長利益分配不均等各層面爭議，甚而有可能危及歐洲統合的基石。目前TTIP的談判陷入僵局，美歐雙方必須正視TTIP的潛在問題，才有可能繼續推動想像中的「經濟北約」。

關鍵字

美歐關係；歐盟； TTIP ；貿易自由化；新自由主義

並列摘要

This thesis analyzes the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) to discuss the problems of Neoliberalism. Also, the impacts brought by TTIP to the EU integration as well as the prospect of TTIP acting as an economic NATO are also considered. To solve the economic stagnation brought by the financial crisis since 2008, political leaders across the Atlantic consider reducing the cost of production through deregulation. This idea comes from Neoliberalism and assumes economic growth as the result. However, many studies suggest that the economic growth brought by TTIP is insignificant. Also, the economic model used to evaluate TTIP is criticized as being overly optimistic and not entirely objective. Even if the optimistic viewpoints were true, the expected positive effects are trivial. Comparing to the trivial positive effects, TTIP could contrarily bring many severe problems in a wide range of areas, including food safety, consumer protection, labor rights, environment, agriculture, and medical care. Those problems could be harmful to the European integration. However, as large resources have been invested in the negotiation, the creation of TTIP seems to be inevitable. Both the EU and the US must face and deal with the potential problems of TTIP to make the greatest free market of the world successful.