婦女與環境：女性生態學的省思

Woman and Nature: Reflections on the Emergence of Ecofeminism

李慧欐(Huey-Li Li)

《婦女與兩性學刊》 2期 (1991/01) Pp. 113-141

https://doi.org/10.6255/JWGS.1991.2.113

摘要

本文討論美國女性環保主義者陸瑟(Rue ther)、孟立特(Merchant)及葛瑞(Gray)的主要理論；作者指出自然之女性化並非泛文化之現象，女環保主義的理論之周延性有待加强。另外，部分女環保主義者將環保問題全歸諸於男女性別區分之極端化，此一趨向實不足以解釋環保問題之複雜性。雖然如此，自然之女性化顯示男性的文化統馭權，而且父系社會對於女性及自然環境之壓制確實有對稱及類似之處，這是推行環保運動所不可疏忽的。

並列摘要

In this paper, I offer a cross-cultural examination of the three different explanatory accounts of the conceptual connections between the oppression of women and the oppression of nature proposed by Ruether, Merchant, and Gray. I argue that their arguments are not universally valid because they overlook the non-Western cultural perception of male-female and culture-nature relations. However, I find that the perception of woman/nature affinity in the West reveals male hegemony over culture formation and that there are parallels between the operation of sexual oppression and the human exploitation of nature. Nevertheless, I disagree with a reductionistic approach in ecofeminist theorizing which underestimates the complexity of environmental problems.

並列關鍵字

Ecofeminism ； Ecological feminism ； Feminized nature