鈣、鎂、硼對強酸性土壤落花生結莢與產量之改善

Improvements of Peanut Pod-Filling and Yield by Applying Ca. Mg and Bin Strongly Acid Soils

林慶喜(Ching-Hsi Lin)

《花蓮區農業改良場研究彙報》 2期 (1986/03) Pp. 11-12

摘要

本試驗在花蓮縣光復鄉大豐村之強酸性土壤（PH4.4）進行期能減少落花生空莢，種仁不飽滿的問題。經74年春作試驗結果，施用消石灰1.5公噸／公頃或3公噸／公頃顯著的提高土壤PH值及含鈣量，而矽酸爐渣1.5公噸／公頃對土壤PH值及含鈣量的提昇很小，但卻顯著地增加土壤中二氧化矽的含量，施用硼砂10公斤／公頃很明顯地增加土壤中硼的含量。施用消石灰或消石灰＋硼砂或矽酸爐渣均對單株莢果數及根瘤數有顯著的增加，對空莢數則有顯著的減少。施用消石灰1.5公噸／公頃或消石灰1.5公噸／公頃＋硫酸鎂0.2公噸／公頃分別比對照的莢果公頃產量1,837公斤增收26%及36%，如施用消石灰3公噸／公頃或消石灰3公噸／公頃＋硫酸鎂0.2公噸／公頃則分別增收30%及34%；單獨施用硫酸鎂0.2公噸／公頃則祇增收1%可見硫酸鎂的效果不大。消石灰1.5公噸／公頃+硫酸鎂0.2公噸／公頃＋硼砂10公斤／公頃的處理可獲得最高產量，比對照增產58%，比消石灰1.5公噸／公頃＋硫酸鎂0.2公噸／公頃之處理增產16%，即表示硼砂有16%的增產效果，此硼砂的效果可能是試區土壤硼含量過低（熱水可溶性B0.07ppm）的關係。同樣施用1.5公噸／公頃，矽酸爐渣的效果小於消石灰，前者比後者減收4%，此矽酸爐渣的增產效果並非提高土壤PH值或鈣含量而是增加二氧化矽的緣故，可能與試區土壤二氧化矽含量過低（有效性SiO24ppm）有關，至於二氧化矽與落花生生育與產量的關係值得進一步探討。

並列摘要

Field experiment was carried out in the spring of 1985 to evaluate the effectiveness of levels, sources of Ca, Mg and B on pod-filling and yield of peanut. Smallseeded variety (Tainan selectioin No. 9) was grown in well acid schist alluvial soils with low pH, Ca, Mg, B and coarse texture at Kwan-Fu. Application of hydrated lime either 1.5t/ha or 3 t/ha significantly increased soil pH values and Ca concentration, Adding 1.5ton slags/ha to soils slightly increased soil pH and Ca concentration, but remarkably increased the SiO2 concentration of soil. The content of B in soil was raised significantly as 10 kg borax/ha added. Applications of hydrated lime with or without borax, and slag were most effective in improving number of pods/plant, number of nodules/plant and podfilling percentage. Pod yields increased with hydrated lime 1.5t/ha or conbined with magnesium sulfate 0.2t/ha from 1837 kg(control)to 2319 kg and 2497 kg/ha, respectively; further increase in hydrated lime application to 3t/ha with or without magnesium sulfate had no effect on yield. The highest pod yield (2903 kg/ha) was obtained, when 10 kg borax/ha was added to the treatment of hydrated lime 1.5t/ha and magnesium sulfate 0.2t/ha which indicating that borax had great effect on yield (16% increase). Yield response to B may be due to B deficiency (hot-water-soluble B 0.07 ppm) in soils. At the same application rate of 1.5t/ha, slag was inferior to hydrated lime which produced 85 kg pods/ha more. The effectiveness of slag on the yield was attributed to the increase of soil SiO2 content rather than the increase of soil pH and Ca; but the role of siO2 for peannt production in needed for further studies. In addition to the hydrated lime for the strongly acid soils, B addition is probably required to reach the maximum yield of peanuts.