大豆屬開花、授粉習性之探討

Studies on the Flowering and Pollination Habits of Genus Glycine

游添榮(Tien-Joung Yiu) ； 葉茂生(Mau-Shing Yeh)

《花蓮區農業改良場研究彙報》 5期 (1989/05) Pp. 7-8

摘要

本試驗在探討大豆屬之開花、授粉習性，以提高種間雜交成功率。使用大豆屬（Glycine）中G. max（CH3, TN4），G.soja（S21, S55），G. falcate（F1），G. latifolia（L1, L3），G. tabacina（T2, T3）及G. tomentella（M1, M4）等共6個種（species）11個系統為材料。其結果如下：1. G. max, G. soja, G. falcata, G. tabacina及G. tomentella其開花習性為花藥先裂開再開花。而G. latifolia（L1）則為開花時，花藥同時裂開。G. latifolia（L3）則為開花後3小時，花藥才裂開。2. 各種間花粉之最佳授粉時間，G. max為上午7時，G. soja為9時，G. tabacina（T2）為下午5時，G. tabacina（T3）為下午1時。3. 各種間之去雄時間，G. max，G. soja以下午為宜，而G. falcata，G. tabacina及G. tomentella則應選花蕾還小，花瓣尚未超過花萼者為宜。G. latifolia則在開花前去雄即可避免自花授粉。

並列摘要

The Flowering and Pollination habits of genus Glycine was conducted in this study, eleven accessions of six Glycine species including G.max (CH3, TN4), G.soja (S21, S55), G.falcata (F1), G.latifolia (L1, L3), G.tabacina (T2, T3 ), G.tomentella (M1, M4) were tested. Experimental results are summarized as follow: 1. The Flowering habit of G.max, G.soja, G.tabacina and G.tomentella showed that the anther dehiscence before flowering. for G. latifolia (L1) that is anther dehiscence simultaneously with flowering. whereas the G. latifolia (L3) shows anther dehiscence after flowering. 2. The optimal time of pollinations at 7 a.m for G.max, at 9 a.m for G. soja. For G.tabacina (T2) is at 5 p.m. and at 1 p.m. for G. tabacina(T3). 3. The Optimal time of emusculation is in the afternoon for G.max and G. soja. for G. falcata, elongated over the calyx. It should be emusculated before flowering for prevention selfpollinated in G.latifolia.