小玉西瓜採收熟度之研究

Studies on the Maturity Indices of Siao-Yu Water Melon

李國民(Kuo-Ming Lee) ； 呂文通(Wen-Tong Leu)

《花蓮區農業改良場研究彙報》 7期 (1991/05) Pp. 15-16

摘要

本試驗為探討小玉西瓜在不同生育過程之生長，開花結果之習性，並調查其果實物理及化學性質之變化，以供訂定果實採收成熟度之指標，確定品質與熟度，並供農民生產上及貯藏運輸上之依據。試驗工作於民國78年春作辦理，以小玉西瓜為試驗材料，於4月8日定植後經10天行摘心處理，定植後26天花器出現，經4天後為開花期，開花翌日為落花期，子蔓或孫蔓節位上均可結果。就果實生長發育過程中之果重變化，在開花後5天為50.18g，10天後達414.95g，增加8倍之多，可見小玉西瓜一旦授粉著果後，果粒即迅速長大，開花後50天已達3775g，果重隨開花後日數的增加而增加，果實硬度測定不削皮時以開花後30∼40天均超過12kg為最高，而削皮2mm時以開花後25∼35天達8kg以上為最高。甜度方面測定結果，開花後5天僅Brix4.11%，開花後20天以前其甜度測定均低於Brix7%，開花後25天才有明顯的增加，開花後35∼50天的甜度一直維持在Brix11.50∼11.63%之間。因此適當的採收期在開花後30∼40天之間。

關鍵字

西瓜 ； 成熟度

並列摘要

This experiment was conducted for the purpose to survey the growth habits of Siao-yu water melon, including its flowering and fruition phenomena, as well as the changes in physical and chemical properties of the fruit at different development stages. The relationship between fruit quality and maturity obtained from this experiment will be used as a reference criterion for the farmers to grow and harvest of the melon fruit. Siao-yu Water melon was transplanted on April 8 1989. Soft pinching was conducted at 10 days after planting. Flower buds were emerged at 26 days after planting. Days from transplanting to flowering was 30 days, and flower was usually shedded at the date next to flowering day. Fruits were set at nodes on both primary and secondary branches. The changes of fruit weight druing fruit development were 50.18g at 5days after flowering (DAF), 414.95g at 10 DAF, and 3,775g at 50 DAF. The highest value of fruit hardness tested without peeling was above 12kg at 30-40 DAF, and it was 8kg at 25-35 DAF when tested with 2mm deep peeling. The values of fruit brix were 4.11% at 5 DAF, below 7% at date before 20 DAF, and significant increment was found at date excess 25 DAF. The brix value was steadly maintained at 11.50-11.63% at 35-50 DAF. Therefore the optimum date for harvesting was around 30-40 DAF according to the experiment.

並列關鍵字

Water melon ； Maturity index