水田不同輪作模式與作物生產力之關係

Studies on the Relation of Rice-Dryland Crop Rotation Patterns with Its Productivity in Paddy Field

鄭書杏(Shu-Shing Cheng) ； 簡文憲(Wen-Hsien Chein) ； 洪汝煌(Ju-Huang Hung)

《花蓮區農業改良場研究彙報》 8期 (1992/05) Pp. 1-2

摘要

本試驗之目的為探討稻田水旱作物輪作對作物產量、栽培環境（如氣候因子、雜草）與土壤理化性變化之影響，藉以確立水田轉作耕作制度，以四種耕作模式（A）.水稻～水稻（對照）（B）.落花生～水稻（C）.水稻～大豆（D）.玉米～大豆進行辦理。本試驗自民國七十五年一期作開始至七十九年二期作止共辦理五年。調查項目為轉作雜糧作物產量、農藝特性，並分析土壤理化性、雜草發生等情形。試驗結果顯示：（1）.在土壤理化性方面，水田轉作旱作後土壤PH值提高，有機質、有效性磷降低，有效性鉀增加，其他微量元素差異不明顯。（2）.雜草發情形，水田轉作旱作後雜草發生量增加，一期作雜草以闊葉類草為主，二期作之雜草以尖葉類草較多，就雜草控制而言，水田以水旱輪作方式可以減少雜草發生。（3）.在作物產量方面，耕作模式B（落花生～水稻）中水稻產量明顯受前作轉作落花生而增加，其他模式水稻產量差異不大。大豆則以水旱輪作方式產量較高。（4）.在作物生產力方面，水田旱作輪作制度以一期作轉作旱作，二期作恢復種稻為佳，一期作旱作則以落花生較佳，二期作水稻則以如何提高稔實率為目標。夏作大豆由於收穫期常遇大雨，在栽培時期上應加以調整提早。（5）.試驗期間之全年總收益以耕作模式B（落花生～水稻）最高，其次為耕作模式Ｄ（玉米～大豆），而以耕作模式A（水稻～水稻）（對照）最低，如以期作分析比較，其收益差異主要來自一期作，二期作因受氣候因子影響作物普遍低產。（6）.根據氣象因子調查結果，花蓮地區四種耕作模式中之旱作物均無需灌溉，且由於雨量集中，因此轉作旱作應注意排水。綜合以上五年試驗結果，花蓮地區最適合之耕作制度為春作落花生～二期作水稻，而耕作模式春作玉米夏作大豆，則由於夏作大豆產量不穩定，需考慮其栽培管理方法之改進、栽培品種選擇及栽培時期之調整，以達到提高生產力增加收益之目標。

關鍵字

水田 ； 輪作制度 ； 作物生產力 ； 土壤理化性 ； 雜糧作物

並列摘要

To study the effect of rice-dryland crops rotation on crop yield, weed and soil property in the converted paddy field, four cropping patterns:(1)rice-rice(ck) (2)peanut-rice (3)rice-soybean (4)maize-soybean were experimented with RCBD in three replications. The experiment have been carried out for five years since 1986. Major agronomic traits, yield and yield components were measured on each crop seasonally; soil analysis and weeds investigation were taken before and after each crop season. The results from last five years are summarized as follows: 1. In rice-cpland crop rotation pattern, soil pH and available K2O increased, but the decreased organic matter with low phosphate was found. 2. Plots planted with rice were free from weeds, but more weeds were observed as the rice was substituted by dryland crop. Especially in those plots planted with two consequent dryland crops. 3. Rice yield was stable in rice-soybean pattern but high rice yield was found in peanut-rice pattern, compared with rice-rice pattern. The yield of soybean was higher in rice-soybean than in maize-soybean pattern. 4. The Highest net income per hectare was obtained from the pattern of peanut-rice while the lowest net income was observed from rice-rice(cK) pattern during the tested period.

並列關鍵字

Paddy field ； Rotation system ； Crop productivity ； Soil property ； Upland