國蘭病蟲害防治法之研究

室內初步試驗結果顯示大蒜抽出液50倍及免賴得1500倍可抑制黃葉病病原菌胞子發芽，而以濾紙片法試驗結果發現大蒜2倍所形成之抑制圈可維持25天之久，田間試驗結果仍以免賴得及大蒜的效果較好，可使罹病率由11.82%分別降至3.95%及7.37%。而國蘭黃葉病之防治藥劑室內篩選結果以撲克拉為最有效，餘六種處理均無法有效抑制胞子發芽，田間試驗則仍以撲克拉效果最好，可使黃化葉率由8.34%降至3.68%，其餘六處理效果則稍差，但黃化葉率均低於5.5%，仍可達防治效果。炭疽病室內篩選結果以大蒜（1:50）及25%撲克拉乳劑3000倍最有效，田間試驗結果仍以25%撲克拉為最佳，罹病率可由19.61%降至4.66%，而大蒜萃取液之防治效果亦顯著，罹病率亦可降至7.26%。將粘著板添加香料以增加薊馬的誘殺效果，初步試驗顯示香葉草醇、茴香醛和檸檬醛具誘引效果。選用苯乙醇、茴香醛、香葉烯、香葉草醇、肉桂醛及檸檬醛等化學香料行室內試驗，結果顯示香葉草醇及檸檬醛最具誘引效果，誘引率分別達63.7%及62.5%，其次為苯乙醇55.6%，肉桂醛52.3%及茴香醛52.2%，而香葉草醇則以稀釋10～100倍時的誘引率最高，其誘引率均可達60%以上。在不同的處理時間下，其誘引效果有差異，除菸鹼酸乙酯及肉桂醛誘引效果較差外，均具有誘引效果，處理4小時後，除水楊醛、香葉草醇、肉桂醛外，誘引率均可達40%以上，20小時後除菸鹼酸乙酯及肉桂醛外，誘引率均可達50%以上。在不同濃度處理下誘引結果顯示苯乙醇，香葉草醇、香葉烯、茴香醛及檸檬醛等均在某一特定濃度下具較高之誘引力，並無隨濃度增減而有所增減。以稀釋100倍之香葉草醇、檸檬醛、苯乙醇及茴香醛添加於黃色粘紙上，試驗其誘殺效果，結果發現無論在開花期或非開花期均以香葉草醇的誘引效果最好，其次為檸檬醛、苯乙醇及茴香醛。第二次田間試驗結果顯示，初期誘殺效果以苯乙醇稀釋20倍效果最佳，其次為香葉草醇100倍，再者苯乙醇100倍及茴香醛100倍。國蘭薊馬防治藥劑初步篩選結果培丹、加保扶、陶斯松、達馬松、美文松、納乃得均可減少薊馬蟲數，在第一次施藥後14天結果除培丹及美文松外，防治率均可達49%以上，而第二次施藥後14天結果顯示加保扶及陶斯松之防治率均維持在80%以上，而達馬松及納乃得之防治率亦可達70%以上。

關鍵字

國蘭；黃葉病；炭疽病；植物萃取液；藥劑防治；薊馬化學香料

並列摘要

The spore germination of the yellow wilt disease have been inhibited by the garlic extracts (1:50) and 50% Benomyl (1:1500) in the laboratory. The yellow wilt disease also have been controlled by applying garlic extracts and Benomyl in greenhouse. The most effective fungicides on the control of yellow wilt disease in greenhouse was Prochloraz EC (1:3000). Anthracnose disease have been controlled by applying Prochloraz EC (1: 3000) and garlic extracts (1:50). Using chemical scents such as Geraniol, Anisaldehyde and Citral added on the sticky paper can increase the attraction for the Cymbidium thrips. Testing in the laboratory by Phenethyl alcohol, Anisaldehyde, Myrcene, Geraniol, Cinnamaldehyde, and Citral. The result shows Geraniol and Citral were more attractive than others. Attracting rate were 63.7% and 62.5%. The best and attracting rate was more than 60%, when Geraniol was diluted for 1:10 to 1:100. After 4 hours treated, the attracting rate of Phenethyl alcohol, Anisaldehyde, Myrcene, Ethyl nicotinate, and Citral were more than 40%. But after 20 hours, the result were different, the attracting rate were more than 50%, except the Ethyl nicotinate and cinnamaldehyde. On the test of different concentration, the result shows Phenethyl alcochol, Geraniol, Myrcene, Anisaldehyde, and Citral might more attractive on a certain concentration. But the attraction were not increasing or reducing by the concentration. For adding Geraniol, Citral, Phenethyl alcocol, Anisaldehyde (all were diluted for 1:100) on the sticky paper to control the Cymbidum thrips in the greenhouse, the result shows Geraniol was the best, then Citral, and then Phenethyl alcochol and Anisaldehyde. According the second test shows Phenehtyl alcochol (1:20) was the best, and then same as the first test. The result of pesticides on the control of the Cymbidim thrips shows all treatments can reduce the thrips population. After 14 days from the first spray, the controlled rate of Carbofuran, Chloropyrifos, Methamidophos and Methomyl were more than 49%. After 14 days from the second spray, the result shows controlled rate of Carbofuran and Chloropyrifos were more than 80%, Methamidophos and Methomyl were more than 70%.

並列關鍵字

Chinese Cymbidium ； Yellow wilt ； Anthracnose ； Plant extracts ； Chemicals control ； Thrips ； Chemical scents

國際替代計量

國蘭病蟲害防治法之研究

全文下載

主題瀏覽