The aneurysmal bone cyst was first described by Jaffe and Lichtenstein in 1942. Subsequent research has suggested that this lesion is not uncommon and it may be easily confused with other types of bone tumor or cyst. We present a case of aneurismal bone cyst in the rib that was diagnosed after a series of imaging study. The aneurysmal bone cyst presented as an expansile mass over the third rib in chest radiograph. Computed tomography (CT) images showed a soft tissue mass in the rib with cortical bone erosion and mild heterogeneous enhancement after contrast administration. T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images showed high-signal, and bright-signal intensity, respectively. The mass appeared to have a lobulated contour with internal septa and heterogeneous gadolinium enhancement. Roentgenographically, aneurysmal bone cyst is difficult to differentiate from malignant lesions of the rib. Thorough imaging studies or biopsy for pathological confirmation may be needed before surgery.