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水稻田變率施肥機之研製
Development of a Variable Rate Fertilizer Applicator for the Rice Field
摘要
本研究係以水稻為目標作物，利用水稻插秧機做變率施肥之主體，同時採用深層施肥之方式。機械深層施肥較人工施肥可節省肥料用量約40%，減少施肥2~3次，提高產量。本研究旨在研製一深層施肥裝置附掛在久保田SPA85乘坐式插秧機上，同時依土壤肥力做變率施肥，使其能達插秧與施肥同步進行。本施肥機採用台肥5號複合肥料，而機械施肥之施肥量約為作物施肥手冊推薦量之60%。採隔行在兩秧苗中間定量施肥，施肥機變率施肥設定之六段施肥量分別為8.8g，7.8g，6.8g，5.8g，4.8g及3.8g，而根據施肥量和施肥爪位移量實驗得一肥料輸出方程式。施肥深度約8~10公分並覆土，肥料配出由施肥輪作動，施肥輪上有施肥爪，利用可程式控制器(PLC)控制伺服馬達調整施肥爪之位移以達六段施肥控制，施肥輪作迴轉運動如棘輪之作動，使肥料自施肥輪凹槽中落入集肥杯及肥料輸出管而掉入土壤中。施肥機經田間實際操作後再作改良，校正試驗六段變率施肥之平均誤差小於3%，田間試驗之平均誤差亦在3%以內。
並列摘要
Rice is the object plant for this research and a rice transplanter was used as a variable rate machine to carry and apply variable amount of fertilizer in the field. A machine driven underground applying skill was used and it could reduce 40% chemical application comparing with manual application. The applying times could be down two to three times as well, yet increasing the yield. Therefore, a device for applying chemicals underground was developed and attached to a Kubota SPA85 rice transplanter. A local compound fertilizer, #5, was used in this research. The applying amount was about 60% of the recommended amount from Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. In the rice field, applying in alternate lines and applying certain amount of chemical between two plantlets were considered. There were six scales used for different requests, 8.8 g, 7.8 g, 6.8 g, 5.8 g, 4.8 g and 3.8 g. A regression equation was developed for applying the six scales using various displacements of an adjustable finger shaped block. The applying depth was about 8 to 10cm. A delivering wheel was designed to rotate and transfer fertilizer by using an adjustable finger shaped block, which is driven by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) based servomotor for six fertilizer rates. The wheel moves back and forth to deliver chemicals. This wheel is concaved and is able to hold fertilizer and let it drop into a collecting cup then through an output hose into soil. The average errors for both the variable rate calibration and field test were less than 3%.