The Trend of the Germany Federalism: Centralization or Decentralization?

德國聯邦主義的趨向：集權化或分權化？

陳恆鈞(Hen-Chin Chen)

《中國行政評論》 6卷1期 (1996/12) Pp. 43-58

https://doi.org/10.6635/cpar.1996.6(1).03

摘要

本文研究目的旨在於探討統一後德國聯邦主義的新趨勢。簡言之，它是探討聯邦主義未來是傾向於集權化抑或是分權化呢？雖然統一後德國法律與制度大致上是延續過去西德體制，但因統一後因分離而產生文化的差異情形，使得德東和德西人對聯邦主義有不同認知態度。目前德國基本法雖然暫時執行於德國，但它已遭遇國內及歐洲聯盟一連串事件的挑戰。經由探討德國基本法的法條、外交、和經濟政策，本文結論認為聯邦政府雖然堅守中央與地方分權原則，但聯邦主義未來發展是趨向於集權化。

關鍵字

德國 ； 聯邦主義 ； 集權化 ； 分權化 ； 聯邦議會 ； 聯邦參議院 ； 基本法 ； 歐洲經濟聯盟

並列摘要

The purpose of this article is to discuss the trend of the German federalism after unification. Will the German federalism become more concentrated or more deconcentrated? Although the unification in 1990 was lopsided with the continuation of the western Germany constitution and system, a variety of Germanic customs due to separation exists in two Germanies. The Basic Law, which was written as a temporary constitution, provides the structural guidelines for the united Germany, however the challenges, either from domestic or from European community, to this established law have been raised. By discussing the Articles of the Basic Law, German foreign and economic policy, this article concludes that the federal-land relationship in German federalism is inclined to centralization even though the federal government insists on the principle of power sharing between federal and Land.

並列關鍵字

Germany ； Federalism ； Centralization ； Decentralization ； Bundestag ； Bundesrat ； Basic Law ； European Economic Community