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世界銀行對公民社會非政府組織的貢獻
The Role of World Bank to NGO in Civil Society
摘要
為了維持世界和平與穩定國際秩序，聯合國鼓勵世界各國能夠建立公民社會。公民社會的建立需要各國非政府組織的推動，透過積極的參與公共事務、充分的對話、討論與批判，溫和的、和平的、積極的形成對於公共事務的共識，與解決的方法。但是這些非政府組織都沒有充分的財源，必須仰賴外界的資助，其中來自世界銀行為最大宗。本文探討世界銀行對於非政府組織運作上，財力上的貢獻問題。本文的文獻探討Jonathan Murphy (2008), The Aesthetics of the Oppressed: The World Bank and Global Managerialism, Catherine Weaver (2008), Hypocrisp Trap: The World Bank and the Poverty of Reform, John Harriss (2002), Depoliticizing Development: The World Bank and Social Capital, Jonathan A. Fox and L. David Brown (1998), The Struggle for Accountability: The World Bank, NGOs, and Grassroots Movements分析探討他們的觀點。本文研究方法採用文獻分析法，蒐集有關世界銀行對於世界各國非政府組織推動公民社會，在財力上的補助情形，利用Murphy (2008), Weaver (2008), Harriss (2002), Fox (1998)的觀點分析之。本論文發現：世界各國NGO推動公民社會的建立必須要有雄厚的資金，資金的來源非常重要。凡事非錢莫辦，如何有效運用捐錢，以及運用的透明化、公正公平、合理更為重要。
並列摘要
In order to maintain world peace and stability in the international order, the United Nations encourages countries build civil societies. Establishment of civil society needs promotion from non-governmental organizations, through active participation in public affairs, conversations, discussions and criticisms to peacefully form a consensus for public affairs and solutions. However, these non-governmental organizations do not have sufficient financial resources. They must rely on outside funding, and the World Bank is their largest source. This paper is to explore the financial contribution of the World Bank to the operations of the non-governmental organizations.This paper examines Jonathan Murphy(2008), The Aesthetics of the Oppressed: The World Bank and Global Managerialism, Catherine Weaver(2008), Hypocrisp Trap: The World Bank and the Poverty of Reform, John Harriss (2002), Depoliticizing Development: The World Bank and Social Capital, Jonathan A. Fox and L. David Brown (1998), The Struggle for Accountability: The World Bank, NGOs, and Grassroots Movements and further analyze their point of view.The method of this paper includes document analysis of the financial subsidies from the World Bank to fund non-governmental organization activities to promote civil society around the world included in Murphy (2008), Weaver (2008), Harriss (2002), and Fox (1998).The preliminary findings of this thesis are that the NGOs must have abundant funds to promote the establishment of civil society, and the source of funds is very important. More importantly, how to effectively use donations and maintain transparent and reasonable spending, are significant issues at hand.