獨立機關治理結構與過程之研究

自美國於1887年創設州際商務委員會以來，歷經20世紀歐洲管制型國家的興起，此種以美國獨立管制委員會為發展原型的獨立機關，業已成為世界各國管制革新與政府再造之主要制度設計與制度選擇。我國以行政院組織改造為主軸的政府再造亦襲用之，成立國家通訊傳播委員會、公平交易委員會、中央選舉委員會等三個獨立機關，確立通訊傳播、公平交易、選舉行政為我國三大獨立管制行政領域。獨立機關在全球發展已有超過百年的歷史，但是研究者迄今仍在試圖瞭解其與政府行政機關間之關係，而且獨立機關主要任務為進行政治、經濟、社會管制，各種管制之性質與對象皆不相同，如何選擇與設計組織之結構與過程，對於組織特定功能的發揮極為重要。鑒於獨立機關研究之方興未艾，本文爰探討獨立機關之治理結構與治理過程，並省思我國獨立機關之發展經驗。

關鍵字

管制型國家；獨立管制委員會；獨立機關；治理結構；治理過程

並列摘要

Independent Agency which take United States Independent Regulatory Commission as developmental prototype already became the main institutional design and institutional choice of regulatory reform and reinventing government all over the world since United States set up Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887 and gone through the rise of regulatory state of European countries in 20th century. The reinventing government which take Executive Yuan organizational reform as principal axis take over it and established three independent agencies that are National Communication Commission, Fair Trade Commission and Central Election Commission, identify communication, fair trade and election administration are three independent administration governance domains in Taiwan. The independent agency has been around for 100 years now, but we are still trying to understand how it best relates to the administration of government and the main tasks of independent agencies to carry out political, economic and social control. The objects and natures are various neither the same on structures and processes. How to select and design organizations are very important to specific functions of organizations. In view of the research of independent agencies are still growing, this article discuss the governance structures and processes of independent agency, and reflection off the development experience of our independence agencies in Taiwan..