語意網、鏈結資料與開放資料之實務技術與應用

Technologies and Applications of Semantic Web, Linked Data and Open Data

吳泰廷(Tai-Ting Wu) ； 楊文新(Wen-Hsin Yang) ； 崔文(Arvin Wen Tsui)

《電腦與通訊》 145期 (2012/06) Pp. 102-109

https://doi.org/10.29917/CCLTJ.201206.0015

摘要

「開放資料」是將資料免費開放給任何人自由使用，具有易使用、再利用、改變用途和再推廣的性質。各單位開放資料格式不一致，或是不易取用資料，都是台灣政府執行開放資料面對的問題。開放資料採用語意網的公開技術，以RDF的描述方式發布資料，並以URI來表示一個物件。資料可以用標準的查詢語言SPARQL Query經由SPARQL Endpoint從不同的後端資料儲存系統得。相關資料彼此間相互鏈結，達到鏈結開放資料的要求，讓資料結構化並具語意供大家自由取得，發揮其最大的應用價值。美國政府發布Data.gov也將採用語意網與鏈結資料的技術來呈現資料。英國政府首相也積極宣告對民眾開放政府資料。Open Data透過語意網讓內容更豐富，創造下一波的網路浪潮。本文提供關於語意網和鏈結開放資料的技術架構研究心得，幫助有需要的人快速地切入技術層面，了解整體運作，並提供實作案例的工作流程、結果分享和問題探討，減少未來實作上的瓶頸。

關鍵字

開放資料 ； 鏈結資料 ； 鏈結開放資料 ； 語意網

並列摘要

”Open Data” is the idea that certain data should be freely accessible to everyone to use, reuse, repurpose, redistribute and republish. Some issues such as inconsistent data format and inconvenient data access are considered while dealing with pursuing Open Data events in Taiwan. The Semantic Web technology is adopted by Open Data, which includes publishing RDF-base contents, describing and identifying things by using URI. Data can be accessed online via a SPARQL Endpoint which accepts SPARQL Query, a standard query language, as input and returns results with RDF-base contents as output. SPARQL Endpoint is a service not only directly connecting RDF triple store but also providing adapters to use different data storage systems as backend. Furthermore, the different data sources can interlink together as Linked Open Data which can maximize the usage value of structured semantic data in terms of much more accessibility. The Data.gov, an official website of U.S.A government, announced to adopt the Semantic Web and the Linked Open Data technologies. The Prime Minister of U.K, Gordon Brown also said ”'making public data public'; opening up the government information for public use on the web.” Through Semantic Web to enrich the worthwhile data, Open Data is an emerging trend to incubate the next Internet growth wave. This paper introduces the Semantic Web technical stacks and the lifecycle for the Linked Open Data which assists the system developers having a clear workflow to cope with technical specification. To diminish the technical bottlenecks in implementing Open Data, the experiment results and practical experiences are illustrated and discussed.

並列關鍵字

Open Data ； Linked Data ； Linked Open Data (LOD) ； Semantic Web