Conservation and Phylogeography of Taiwan Paradise Fish, Macropodus Opercularis Linnaeus

台灣產蓋斑鬥魚之親緣關係與保育

王子元(Tzi-Yuan Wang) ； 曾晴賢(Chyng-Shyan Tzeng) ； 沈世傑(Shih-Chieh Shen)

《Acta Zoologica Taiwanica》 10卷2期 (1999/07) Pp. 121-134

https://doi.org/10.6576/AZT.1999.10.(2).5

摘要

原本廣泛分布在臺灣平原地區的蓋斑鬥魚（Macropodus oopercularis），由於水原污染、棲地遭受破壞等問題，1990年列為珍貴稀有的保育類動物，中國北方所產的圓尾鬥魚（M. chinensis）在外型上十分類似蓋斑鬥魚。此外，人為飼養與外來族群引進的問題，亦造成在執法取締上的困難。藉由粒線體DNA（mitochondrial DNA; mtDNA）變異度最大的控制區段序列（control region sequence），本文釐清了蓋斑鬥魚在種間、族群間的親緣關係，並提出保育基因多樣性的建議。分析採自中國大陸（浙江、吉林）、臺灣、新加坡的鬥魚，其結果顯示臺灣、新加坡兩地的蓋斑鬥魚族群與中國大陸的圓尾鬥魚種間遺傳距離約有13.4%顯著差異。11尾屬於臺灣族群的樣本中，從粒線體1034 bp片段，共發現有五種基因型（haplotype）。相較5尾採自中國大陸的圓尾鬥魚就有五種基因型，臺灣族群缺乏明顯的基因多樣性，其原因可能和族群量過小有關。此外，苗栗三義、臺中豐原族群與其他地區沒有共同基因型，顯示本種在臺灣各地有其獨特的基因型，因此未來在保育工作上應避免任意放流的問題。

關鍵字

蓋斑鬥魚 ； 粒線體 ； 保育 ； 臺灣

並列摘要

The paradise fish (Macropodus opercularis) is naturally distributed in western Taiwan, but is rare now because of such factors as environment pollution and habitat loss. Conservation of this animal in Taiwan is becoming more urgent. Some closely related species, such as Chinese paradise fish (M. chinensis), are difficult to distinguish with morphological characters. We sequenced and compared the control region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to reveal the genetic distance and molecular phylogeny of paradise fish populations from different geographical regions: Taiwan, Singapore, and mainland China. The interspecific distance between M. opercularis (Taiwan, Singapore) and M. chinensis (Zhejiang, Jilin) is 0.1341 ±0.0124, much more highly divergent than the distance between the Taiwanese and Singaporean populations, or within the Chinese populations. Five haplotypes from 11 specimens of the Taiwanese native population have been identified from a 1034-bp-length of mtDNA. However, the lower haplotypic diversity (H = 0.68) indicates a decreasing population in Taiwan, in contrast with the M. chinensis (H = 0.89). In addition, the unique genotype in Miaoli and Taichung may imply their subdivision because of exotic input of fish from a different geographic region. Thus conservation work should focus on avoiding the random release of paradise fishes into the wild.

並列關鍵字

Macropodus opercularis ； Paradise fish ； Mitochondrial DNA ； Taiwan