鼻炎的併發症與共病症

Complication and Co-morbidity of Rhinitis

鄒永恩(Yung-An Tsou) ； 戴志展(Chih-Jaan Tai)

《台灣耳鼻喉頭頸外科雜誌》 46卷s_1期 (2011/07) Pp. 24-30

https://doi.org/10.6286/2011.46.s_1.24

摘要

背景：鼻黏膜之炎症反應稱之爲鼻炎，可分爲過敏性鼻炎與非過敏性鼻炎（包含職業性、刺激性、妊娠性、荷爾蒙性、藥物性、血管運動性、情緒性、味覺性、萎縮性、感染性鼻炎及NARES等）兩大類。過敏性鼻炎常見的共病症有過敏性結膜炎、氣喘、鼻息肉、及異位性皮膚炎：中耳積液、腺樣體肥大、耳咽管功能失調、鼻竇炎、鼻息肉的復發、反覆上呼吸道感染、長期過敏性之咳嗽引發之喉頭炎、及氣喘的惡化等則爲過敏性鼻炎常見的併發症。另外，非過敏性鼻炎中之血管運動性鼻炎在文獻中也發現與結膜炎、鼻竇炎及氣喘有關。本文除了探討過敏性鼻炎的共病症及併發症外，也將簡要討論非過敏性鼻炎之共病症及併發症，盼能藉此增加對共病症的治療並減少併發症的產生，以提高鼻炎疾病的控制率及生活品質。

關鍵字

鼻炎 ； 過敏性鼻炎 ； 非過敏性鼻炎 ； 共病症 ； 併發症

並列摘要

The co-morbidity and complication of rhinitis is frequently neglected by clinical practitioner. The co-morbidity and complications correlated to the rhinitis include asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, and rhinosinusitis. The nasal polyposis, adenoid hypertrophy, Eustachian tube (E-tube) dysfunction are more related to the allergic rhinitis but less to the non-allergic rhinitis (NAR). Not only asthma is confirmed as the frequent co-morbidity among the patients with rhinitis (both allergic and non-allergic rhinitis). The other correlated diseases including otitis media with effusion, nasal polyposis, E-tube dysfunction, laryngitis, adenoid vegetation, and rhinosinusitis are more reported to correlate to the allergic rhinitis but not to the NAR. Treating the co-morbidities and complications caused by rhinitis improved disease control and quality of life. In this review article, we present and discuss how to treat the co-morbidities, prevent the complications that caused by rhinitis and discuss the etiology of different disease entities that related to the rhinitis and discussed the etiology of different disease entities that related to the rhinitis; therefore, we could offer better disease control and achieve better disease control.

並列關鍵字

rhinitis ； allergic rhinitis ； non-allergic rhinitis ； co-morbidity ； complication