嗅覺失能之診斷及治療

Diagnosis and Management of Olfactory Dysfunction

江榮山(Rong-San Jiang)

《台灣耳鼻喉頭頸外科雜誌》 50卷1期 (2015/03) Pp. 1-10

https://doi.org/10.6286/2015.50.1.1

摘要

嗅覺在目前是大大被低估，而嗅覺失能可能會導致生活品質的顯著下降。嗅覺疾病常令病人和醫生人感到沮喪。一些不同的病理生理機轉，如鼻竇鼻腔疾病、上呼吸道感染、頭部外傷、老化和化學毒劑會導致嗅覺失能。商業用嗅覺測試和較新的影像學檢查已經能診斷和測量嗅覺失能的程度，並提供治療的可能方向。在本文中，作者回顧了嗅覺系統的解剖構造，臨床評估它的功能的方法，以及主要嗅覺疾病和可能治療。

關鍵字

診斷 ； 治療 ； 嗅覺失能 ； 嗅覺測試

並列摘要

The sense of smell is greatly underappreciated at present, and olfactory dysfunction can lead to significant impairment of quality of life. Disorders of the sense of smell can be frustrating for the patient as well as physician. Several different pathophysiological mechanisms, such as sinonasal disorders, upper respiratory infection, head trauma, aging, and toxic chemical agents, can contribute to olfactory dysfunction. Commercially distributed smell tests and newer imaging studies have made diagnosis and measurement of the degree of olfactory dysfunction available, with implications concerning possible treatment. In this paper, the author reviews the anatomy of the olfactory system, means for clinically assessing its function, and major olfactory disorders with possible management.

並列關鍵字

diagnosis ； management ； olfactory dysfunction ； smell test