論王夫之《老子衍》中的經典詮釋

A Discussion of Classical Interpretations in Wang Fu Zhi's "Lao-Tse Yan"

孫華璟(Hua-Jing Sun)

《國文學報》 42期 (2007/12) Pp. 87-119

https://doi.org/10.6239/BOC.200712_(42).04

摘要

詮釋學之複雜性，在於詮釋者解讀經典時，均植根於己身所處之特殊境遇而展開。若將此議題置於明末清初儒道交涉的文化脈絡下來探討，尤顯異彩紛呈。中唐以降，知識份子護衛儒學正統之意識轉趨強烈，然據近代學者考察，明遺民多已顯現出會通儒、釋、道之特色。即便不主會通的王夫之(1619-1692)，其著作也是出入三教。其中的《老子衍》，王孝漁認為「意旨曲折深奧，實在不易讀懂，在他的全部著作中，可稱最難，比《周易外傳》還不易令人捉摸。」近人對其詮釋方式，亦有不同觀點。究竟此書是採何種方式詮釋《老子》？對於一生堅守儒家、誓死抗清的他，又是如何看待道家學術？本文將透過對王夫之《老子》前理解之釐定，揭櫫《老子衍》中，寓批判於詮釋之特殊方式，並進一步探討書中對《老子》思想所進行的轉化與重構。

關鍵字

儒道交涉 ； 老子衍 ； 老子 ； 王夫之 ； 經典詮釋

並列摘要

Classical interpretation is to unearth the inner significance through explaining those classical articles. The complexity of classical interpretation results from interpreters' different perspectives on how to understand and translate the contents and such attribute will be more obvious if we put this issue under the influence of interaction between Confucianism and Taoism during late Ming to early Manchu Dynasty. In mid-Tang Dynasty, intellectualities started to defend the pure tradition of Confucianism against others. However, as history goes to late Ming, blending the thought of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism almost became a common characteristic among the intellectualities at that time. Even Wang Fu-Zhi (1619-1692), who disapproved the blending, still wrote some books embracing and discussing these three different thoughts. His books in Taoism are ”Lao-Tse Yan”, ”Zhuang-Tse Jie” and ”Zhuang-Tse Tong” and Wang Xiao-Yu, who studied and annotated Wang Fu-Zhi's some books, said ”The meaning of Lao-Tse Yan is abstract and it is the most hard-to-read book among Wang Fu-Zhi's works. Even Jhou-Yi-Wai-Jhuan is easier to be understood than the book”. Therefore, many scholars tried to discover and provided a variety of interpretation on it. As Wang Fu-Zhi maintaining Confucian belief in his whole life and vowing to resist Manchu Dynasty, how did he criticize Taoism? This article is going to discuss the purpose he annotated Lao-tse and how he transformed the thought of Taoism.

並列關鍵字

interaction between Confucianism and Taoism ； Lao-Tse Yan ； Lao-Tse ； Wang-Fu Zhi ； classical interpretations

參考文獻

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