答紙禮俗研究

Study on the Etiquette of "Letters of Thanks"

韓碧琴(Bi-Chyn Han)

《國文學報》 51期 (2012/06) Pp. 71-108

https://doi.org/10.6239/BOC.201206_(51).03

摘要

喪事「奠禮」（俗稱「告別式」，為日式用語）儀式中，喪家收下奠儀，須給予回禮答謝，稱之為「答紙」。現今喪家多用「毛巾」答禮，有主張沿襲日治時期習俗者，有主張出於日治時期官方之提倡者；「答紙」禮俗之意義與內容，人言言殊，莫衷一是，故而擬就「答紙」禮俗爬梳董理，期能探賾「答紙」禮俗於一二。「答紙」即「謝弔」，又稱「謝孝」；或以昉於朱子《家禮》，實出於古禮，拜君命及拜眾賓之命，尊者加惠必拜謝，拜謝賵賻之人。禮俗移易，受弔日，喪主已稽顙謝賓，何須「謝弔」？後世不盡開弔之際謝弔，卒哭謝弔，蔚為風氣；謝孝以帖，吉祭胙肉分贈弔客，非有預蓄，則無力治之，粿糕之贈亦可為孝子答謝之心。俵散孝帛開啟後世孝帕、孝巾之風；由孝帕、孝巾演變而為毛巾；日治時期全家共用毛巾時有所聞，復因戰爭興起，物質缺乏，待毛巾業蓬勃發展後，方普遍採用毛巾。「答紙」禮俗有其歷史淵源，本非日本葬俗，更非日人毛巾生產過剩、刻意提倡所形成成之特有禮俗。

關鍵字

答紙 ； 毛巾 ； 謝弔 ； 謝孝

並列摘要

The bereaved family gives a present in return, called ”letters of thanks”, when they accept the money given to the family in place of funeral service or so called ”farewell service” in Japanese. The bereaved family use towel as the present in return nowadays. This custom was suggested adapting from Japanese customs or promoted by the government during Japanese colonial period. The meaning and content of ”letters of thanks” thus confused. The purpose of this study was to clarify the origin and transformation of this etiquette.The ”letters of thanks” were similar to the ”thanks for condolence” which was erroneously suggested originating from ”Family Ritual” written by Zhu Xi. The custom was originating from ancient etiquette. In ancient China, when emperor and honored people come to condole with presents the bereaved family should reciprocate their courtesy. The custom transformed with time, the bereaved family might thank people after the funeral service in stead of during the service and sent the ”letters of thanks” with presents such as meat sacrificed in the funeral service. However, not all people can afford meat. Therefore, rice cakes were used in stead of meat as present for thanks for condolence. Thereafter, mourning handkerchief substitute the rice cake and towel replace the handkerchief currently. During Japanese colonial period, a towel might shared by family member. Using towel as present for thanks for condolence only generally as the towel industry developed vigorously after World War II. The etiquette of ”letters of thanks” was not a Japanese custom and not promoted by Japanese government because of overproduction of towel.

並列關鍵字

letters of thanks ； towel ； thanks for condolence ； thanks for mourning

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