歐洲國家公民投票經驗之跨國比較：議題、時程與結果

The Comparison of Referendum in European Democracies: Issues, Timings and Results

李俊達(Chunta Lee)

《東吳政治學報》 27卷1期 (2009/03) Pp. 53-121

https://doi.org/10.6418/SJPS.200903.0053

摘要

本文將利用蘇黎世大學(University Zurich)建構的C2D(Center for Research in Direct Democracy)網站資料，彙整歐洲十五個民主國家1940年以來所實施的全國性公民投票經驗，試圖從中歸納普遍性及趨勢，同時與實施公民投票經驗歷史最悠久、經驗最豐富的瑞士加以比較。研究問題包括公民投票的議題類型、舉辦公民投票的時程問題，並以公民投票的投票率，以及投票結果通過與否兩個結果面向，加以結合與分析。研究結果發現，屬於公共領域的憲法與制度議題，以及影響層次深遠的主權、領土議題，相對會受到公民的重視，並表現在較高的投票率以及通過率上面。其次，在選舉時程方面，公民投票與全國性大選「同時選舉」的案例並不常見。最後，歐洲國家確實有多次「多議題」同時選舉的公民投票經驗，在這樣的情況下，通常投票率都會相對提高（瑞士除外），但在投票結果上卻呈現多議題全數同意或全數否決的趨勢。

關鍵字

公民投票 ； 公民複決 ； C2D ； 公民投票議題 ； 同時選舉

並列摘要

This article will analyze the national referendum experiences of 15 European countries since 1940 using C2D (Center for Research in Direct Democracy) online database developed by University Zurich. The analysis of these 15 countries' experiences will be compared against Switzerland, which is the most experienced country at referendum in the world. We will analyze the voting rates and voting results (approval/disapprocal) to evaluate issues such as the category of referendum issues and procedural issues of referendum. The results reveal that the constitutional and territorial issues regarding highly valued by citizens as reflected through higher voting rate. Moreover, European countries’ referendums are rarely held with other national elections at the same time. Last, some examples of concurrent elections with multi-issues of referendums are initiated and it was found that the voting rates are relatively higher with the exception of Switzerland. However, this kind of concurrent election is also found to produce either all-approval or all-disapproval result.

並列關鍵字

referendum ； C2D ； referendum issue ； concurrent election

參考文獻

Barber, Benjamin.(1984).Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age.Berkeley, C.A.:University of California Press.

Butler, David. E. (eds.),Austin Ranney. (eds.)(1978).Referendum: A Comparative Study of Practice and Theory.Washington D.C.:American Enterprise Institute.

Butler, David E. (eds.),Austin Ranney. (eds.)(1994).Referendum around the World: The Growing Use of Direct Democracy.Washington D.C.:American Enterprise Institute.

Direct Democracy Databases

Cox, Gary W.(1999).Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems.Cambridge, N.Y.:Cambridge University Press.