人權宣言？人權法典？－「歐洲聯盟基本權利憲章」之分析

Declaration of Rights? Bill of Rights? - Analysis of the 〞Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union〞

廖福特(Fort Fu-Te Liao)

《歐美研究》 31卷4期 (2001/12) Pp. 689-751

摘要

本文分析「歐洲聯盟基本權利憲章」之相關議題。首先，本文對歐洲聯盟與人權保障作歷史縱軸之回顧。其次，本文探討「歐洲聯盟基本權利憲章」的制定原因、方式及其內容等。再者，本文分析「歐洲聯盟基本權利憲章」之未來發展可能性及衝擊。第四，本文探究人權議題在歐洲區域橫軸之互動，即歐洲聯盟與歐洲理事會兩者間可能之協調及解決方案。本文認為「歐洲聯盟基本權利憲章」之制定有其歷史意義，但是以一部人權文件而言，最重要的是提升人權的實質保障，因而最根本的問題是未來「歐洲聯盟基本權利憲章」是否會有條約之地位，如果此方面沒有突破，那麼「歐洲聯盟基本權利憲章」可能只是另一個美麗的宣言，這些議題是未來歐盟高峰會議應審慎考量的。

關鍵字

基本權利憲章 ； 歐洲聯盟 ； 歐洲共同體 ； 歐洲理事會 ； 歐洲人權公約

並列摘要

This essay's analysis focuses on relevant issues of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. First, it reviews the EU and human rights protection from historical and legal perspectives. Second, this essay examines the background and text of the Charter. Third, it anticipates the future development and impact of the Charter. Finally, this essay considers conflict and co-ordination between the Council of Europe and the European Union in the field of human rights protection. This essay argues that the Charter has its own historical significance. It also emphasizes the idea that the utmost concern of a human rights document is whether it truly offers protection. If it is merely a human rights declaration, the Charter will not be very meaningful. Therefore, the most significant issue is the future status of the Charter, which will be determined by the European Council.

並列關鍵字

Charter of Fundamental Rights ； European Union ； European Community ； Council of Europe ； European Social Charter ； European Convention on Human Rights

參考文獻

Archer, Clive(1994).Organizing Europe: The Institution of Integration.London:Edward Arnold.

Beddard, Ralph(1980).Human Rights and Europe.London:Sweet ＆ Maxwell.

Betten, Lammy, Grief, Nicholas(1998).EU Law and Human Rights.London:Longman.

Canor, Iris(2000).Primus Inter Pares. Who Is the Ultimate Guardian of Fundamental Rights in Europe?.European Law Review.25(1)

Commission on the Legal Nature of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union(2000).Communication from the Commission on the Legal Nature of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.Brussels:European Commission.