就業成長的達成與社會安全的維繫－荷蘭社會改革的理論爭議和政策意涵

Accomplishment of Job Growth with Social Security Maintenance-Theoretical Disputes and Policy Implications from the Dutch Social Reform

黃志隆(Chih-lung Huang) ； 張世雄(Shrsyung Carl Chang)

《歐美研究》 35卷2期 (2005/06) Pp. 405-458

摘要

先進工業國家面臨高失業與高福利支出成長的困境。一九八○年代初期，這類問題被稱為「荷蘭病」。在隨後的改革中，荷蘭成功地創造了「荷蘭奇蹟」：就業成長的達成和社會安全的維繫。這段改革的歷程和結果，激發歐、美許多學術和政策的研究，以汲取這項克服後工業社會困境的經驗和教訓。在動態地分析戰後福利國家的結構困境與政策回應後，我們描述和評估荷蘭改革的政策歷程與結果。除檢視主流的統合主義論述，並擴展到管理式自由化、第三條路與後工作社會等挑戰性論述，以深化政治經濟學的理論視野。當前經濟全球化為主的反社會論調，可從荷蘭經驗中得到啟示和省思。

關鍵字

社會改革 ； 社會安全 ； 就業成長 ； 彈性安全 ； 荷蘭奇蹟

並列摘要

Western advanced industrial states have recently been stumbling over a dilemma resulting from both growing unemployment rates and welfare expenditures. Such a dilemma was once known as 〞Dutch Disease〞 in the 1980s. Following a series of policy reform, a 〞Dutch Miracle〞 has occurred since the 1990s in both job growth and successful redeployment of social security. Meanwhile, policy processes and acquired outcomes in the Netherlands have provoked and stimulated almost a 〞research industry〞 in itself, and have sparked a hope that might shed some light on the way to go beyond this current post-industrial dilemma. This paper provides an analytic-dynamic framework in dissecting structural predicaments and policy responses generated from the so-called post-war Keynesian welfare state. The dominant corporatist explanation is critically scrutinized on the one hand, and managed liberalization, the third way critique, and post-work society thesis are on the other examined. A socio-cultural analysis will be advanced in order to deepen theoretical insights that are cloaked by political- economical language. While remaining trapped in issues surrounding economic globalization, including market priority and the displacement of the functional needs of social security, the lessons of social reform from the Netherlands could be profound and refreshing to contemporary ears.

並列關鍵字

social reform ； social security ； job growth ； flexicurity ； Dutch miracle

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