歐盟關於結婚權與組成家庭權之保護：從歐洲人權法院與歐洲法院相關案例談起

The Protection of the Right to Marry and the Right to Found a Family in European Union-A Perspective from the Case-Laws of the ECHR and of the ECJ

許耀明(Yao-Ming Hsu)

《歐美研究》 38卷4期 (2008/12) Pp. 637-669

摘要

本文從歐洲人權法院相關於歐洲人權公約第12條之諸判決與闡釋，以及歐洲法院相關判例與歐盟立法出發，討論在該等公約與歐盟架構下，對於結婚權、組成家庭權與家庭團聚權之保障要件、適用疑義與具體案例。其次，本文針對變性人與同性戀者權利保護之角度，分析歐洲人權法院對其權利保障適用歐洲人權公約第12條，或第8條之可能，以及歐洲法院對於變性人與同性戀者之權利保障。最後，針對歐盟人員自由流動之情形，在部分國家已經承認同性婚姻或同性共同生活契約之情形下，本文一併處理他國如何看待此一身分關係之國際私法問題，並以此討論國際私法與基本權利之互動關係。

關鍵字

歐洲聯盟 ； 人權 ； 結婚權 ； 家庭權 ； 同性婚姻

並列摘要

Based on the relevant jurisprudences of European Court of Human Rights on Article 12 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and on the relevant legislations of the European Community and the jurisprudences of the European Court of Justice, this article attempts to analyze the conditions and the application of the protection of right to marry and right to found a family in European Union. Besides, considering the necessary protection of the transsexuals, gays, and lesbians, it also provides a critical analysis for the possible application of the Articles 8 and 12 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and the relevant practices established by the European Court of Justice. At last, because the principle of free movement of persons is well established in the European Union, it illustrates the possible dilemmas in European private international law, when dealing with same-sex marriages acknowledged in some Member States, but the non-recognition of these marriages elsewhere in the Union.

並列關鍵字

European Union ； Human Rights ； Right to Marry ； Right to Found a Family ； Same-Sex Marriage

參考文獻

人權基本法草案

丘宏達、陳純一編(2002)。現代國際法參考文件。台北:三民。

Chiu, H. D.,Chen, C. I.(2002).The documents of modern international law.Taipei:Sanmin.

吳光平(2004)。重新檢視即刻適用法－源起、發展，以及從實體法到方法的轉變歷程。玄奘法律學報。2，147-196。

Wu, K. P.(2004).Re-examination the immediately applicable law-Origin, development and change from substantial law to methods.Hsuan-Tzan Law Review.2,147-196.