歐盟東擴對歐元區的新會員國的意涵與影響

The Significance and Impacts of EU Enlargement on the Euro Area and New Member States

洪德欽(Der-Chin Horng)

《歐美研究》 40卷1期 (2010/03) Pp. 133-200

https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.201003.0133

摘要

十個中、東歐國家以及地中海的賽普勒斯、馬爾他於二○○四年五月一日及二○○七年一月一日分兩批加入歐洲聯盟，形成歐盟第五次擴大，被稱之為歐盟東擴。在歐盟東擴過程，歐盟設定一些標準，做為新會員加入歐盟以及加入歐元區的必要條件。新會員國目前已有斯洛維尼亞、賽普勒斯、馬爾他及斯洛伐克加入歐元區。其他新會員國如果符合經濟趨同標準，依規定也須加入歐元區。歐盟東擴對歐元區的發展具有那些法律意涵？尤其對於歐洲中央銀行與歐元區的決策架構帶來那些影響？另外，新會員加入歐元區對其央行法規與制度又有那些影響？斯洛維尼亞的個案研究，對於其他未加入歐元區的新會員又有那些啟示？本文乃從法律觀點針對上述核心議題，從事論證與研究，以了解歐盟東擴對歐元區與新會員的意涵與影響。

關鍵字

歐洲中央銀行 ； 歐元區 ； 歐盟東擴 ； 經濟趨同 ； 投票權輪流分配

並列摘要

Ten Central and Eastern European countries, together with Cyprus and Malta, joined the European Union (EU) in two successive waves on 1 May 2004 and 1 January 2007 respectively. The EU set convergence criteria for the new Member States to join the euro area. As soon as these conditions have been met, they will be required to introduce the euro. Slovenia, Cyprus, Malta and Slovakia eventually adopted the euro, increasing the number of EU Member States in the euro area from 13 to 16 out of a total of 27. This paper examines the following core issues: what is the impact of EU enlargement on the decision-making procedures and voting model of the ECB? What are the implications of enlargement of the euro area on the new accession Member States? What lessons can be drawn from the case of Slovenian accession for those Member States still outside the euro area? In general, the fifth enlargement marks a new stage of European integration, undertaken with substantial adjustments by both the ECB and new Member States.

並列關鍵字

ECB, euro area ； EU enlargement ； economic convergence ； the voting rotation system

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