WTO特殊與差別待遇條款的談判：歐洲聯盟的策略與影響

歐洲聯盟（EU）在世界貿易組織（WTO）杜哈發展議程下，致力影響與「發展」攸關之「特殊與差別待遇」（S&D）條款談判。EU的整體策略脈絡，係在不挑戰WTO建制核心規範的前提下，增進本身於WTO下之利益。在策略運作上，EU採漸進方式，逐步呈現並強化「目的∕手段」及「S&D差異化」等二項主要論述，藉以重新界定EU在WTO建制下所須承擔的S&D義務，期能限縮其義務範圍及程度，並為其S&D立場與相關作為，建立正當性基礎。此外，EU亦提出若干雙邊及單邊措施，以助推進其S&D主張。EU之策略作為，對開發中國家有關S&D之論述，及此議題未來談判方向，皆可能產生影響。

關鍵字

世界貿易組織；歐洲聯盟；特殊與差別待遇；杜哈發展議程；開發中國家

並列摘要

Developing countries once had high expectations of the negotiations on Special and Differential (S&D) treatment under the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The achievements realized have turned out to be more limited than they had hoped. The European Union (EU), employing comprehensive and active strategies, has impacted S&D negotiations. The EU's overall negotiation strategy regarding S&D has been that of maximizing its interests under the WTO without challenging the WTO regime itself, particularly the regime's basic norms such as ”development.” Tactically, the EU has taken a step-by-step approach to consolidate its ”ends/means” and ”S&D differentiation” arguments, so that it can legitimately redefine and minimize its S&D obligations under the WTO regime. It seems that EU's strategic behavior on S&D has decelerated the progress of S&D negotiations under the DDA, and may establish a framework for future negotiations on related topics.