Globalization and Varieties of Modernity

全球化與多樣化的現代性

娑菲珥‧沃爾比(Sylvia Walby)

《歐美研究》 42卷3期 (2012/09) Pp. 391-417

https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.201209.0391

摘要

全球化進程正以錯綜複雜的方式重新形塑著不平等。由於社會發展之路徑依賴的本質，及現代性的多樣化，導致全球化對於各社會型態有著不等的衝擊。各種多樣化的現代性，包含新自由主義與社會民主主義，皆涉及多種型態之性別政權與資本主義。在階級議題之外再納入性別不平等的考量，將改變我們檢視不平等的本質及其不斷改變的型態。本文使用OECD成員國的資料，探討在就業與社會福利供給中，各種型態的性別與階級不平等彼此對應的程度。本研究發現兩者有顯著差異，進而導出這樣的結論：要概念化並分析多樣化的現代性時，必須包含性別層面，而不該假設可將其簡化為階級議題。

關鍵字

現代性 ； 階級 ； 性別 ； 就業 ； 社會福利

並列摘要

Global processes are restructuring inequalities in complex ways. Globalization has uneven impacts on social formations as a consequence of the path dependent nature of societal development and variations in the forms of modernity. The multiple varieties of modernity, including neoliberalism and social democracy, involve diverse forms of gender regime as well as diverse forms of capitalism. Including gender inequalities in addition to class alters how we see the nature and changing patterns of inequalities. The paper investigates the extent to which variations in the form of gender and class inequalities in employment and in welfare provision map onto each other, using data from OECD countries. Significant points of divergence are found, leading to the conclusion that conceptualisation and analysis of varieties of modernity should include a gender dimension and not presume that this is reducible to class.

並列關鍵字

modernity ； class ； gender ； employment ； welfare

參考文獻

Arrighi, G.(2007).Adam Smith in Beijing: Lineages of the twenty-first Century.London:Verso.

Arts, W.,Gelissen, J.(2002).Three worlds of welfare capitalism or more? A state-of-the-art report.Journal of European Social Policy.12(2),137-158.

Bauman, Z.(2000).Liquid modernity.Cambridge, UK:Polity.

Beck, U.(1992).Risk society: Towards a new modernity.London:Sage.

Beck, U.,Beck-Gernsheim, E.(2002).Individualization: Institutionalized individualism and its social and political consequences.London:Sage.