歐盟新一代自由貿易協定政策之研究

歐盟自由貿易協定（FTA）政策乃其共同貿易政策之一環，歷經長期實踐，已發展出很多種類之FTA，以及非常複雜的層級式貿易關係。歐盟自2006年起已選擇性針對韓國、印度、巴西、ASEAN等對象，優先推動新一代FTA。新一代FTA強調服務、投資、競爭、政府採購等領域的市場開放、非關稅障礙排除，以及智產權的保護及公平貿易，以提昇歐洲企業及產品的競爭力，並對歐洲就業及經濟成長有所貢獻。新一代FTA簽署對象國家很多皆為台灣在歐盟市場的主要競爭對手，更是值得重視。本文將從法律文義解釋及國際政治經濟學政策研究等觀點，分析歐盟FTA的發展背景、目標與種類，並以歐韓FTA個案研究，說明歐盟新一代FTA對非會員國的影響，以及對WTO帶來的挑戰。

關鍵字

歐盟；自由貿易協定；韓國；里斯本條約；世界貿易組織

並列摘要

The promotion of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) is an active policy among of the Common Commercial Policy (CCP) conducted by the European Union (EU). The EU has developed many different types of FTAs, and maintains a very complicated hierarchy in its external trade relations. The EU introduced a policy on the latest generation of FTAs on 3 October 2006. South Korea, India, Brazil and ASEAN are identified as priorities for new generation FTAs with the EU. The new generation FTAs are very comprehensive with regards to trade liberalization in a number of fields, including the elimination of tariff and non-tariff barriers, further liberalization in services, investment, competition, enforcement of intellectual property rights, and so on. Many of the EU's potential partners for new generation FTAs are major trade rivals of Taiwan in the EU market. This article takes the EU-Korea FTA as a case study to examine the following core issues: the historical background of the EU's trade policies, legal bases and decision-making procedures of new generation FTAs, the main contents and special features of the EU-Korea FTA, and the impacts of the EU-Korea FTA on the WTO and third countries. For the future development of EU FTA policy, this article also proposes an open regionalism approach to make the new generation FTAs compatible with the spirit of WTO multilateralism.