去滅絕：一個過早的主張

De-Extinction: A Premature Claim

歐陽敏(Min OuYang)

《歐美研究》 51卷4期 (2021/12) Pp. 689-720

https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.202112_51(4).0002

摘要

將滅絕物種重新帶回這個世界，是復活生物學企圖執行的工作。而隨著近年來基因編輯技術的快速發展，去滅絕的研究也逐步從科幻層級提昇到了所謂的科學事實層級。然而，這樣的科學實踐，到底呈現了什麼？是科學家真的讓已滅絕物種復活了？還是聲稱去滅絕已成功，只是一個過早（premature）的主張？本文企圖從「滅絕」與「去滅絕」的定義，以及「物種成員」與「物種本身」所涉及的概念區分著手，論證聲稱去滅絕已成功，是一個仍有待商確的主張。而此論證的核心觀點為，斷定科學家對已滅絕物種的複製（clone）是否屬於或者不屬於已滅絕物種，並無法決定科學家是否真的讓已滅絕物種復活。

關鍵字

滅絕 ； 去滅絕 ； 復活生物學 ； 物種範疇 ； 物種分類群

並列摘要

Resurrection biology aims to bring extinct species back to life. With the rapid development of gene-editing technologies in recent years, the idea of de-extinction has gradually been recognized as a potentially realizable scientific goal rather than residing in the realm of science fiction. What might de-extinction mean? Will it entail scientists actually reviving extinct species, or is the notion as yet premature? This paper argues that de-extinction is as yet not possible given the definitions of extinction and de-extinction, and the distinction between species taxa and species categories. The central argument is that the judgment of whether or not a cloned organism properly belongs to an extinct species will not be the determining factor in whether or not scientists successfully revive extinct species.

並列關鍵字

extinction ； de-extinction ； resurrection biology ； species category ； species taxon

參考文獻

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