黨派立場、意識形態與選區經濟利益交織下的美國國會貿易政治：以「跨太平洋夥伴協定」為例

Partisanship, Ideology, Constituent Interest, and Trade Politics in American Congress: The Case of the TPP

吳文欽(Wen-Chin Wu)

《歐美研究》 52卷1期 (2022/03) Pp. 1-41

https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.202203_52(1).0001

摘要

美國國會的貿易政治向來受到議員的黨派立場、意識形態，以及選區的經濟利益所影響。本文以「跨太平洋夥伴協定」為分析對象，並援引學界針對「中國貿易衝擊」的理論視角，探討上述因素如何影響美國國會議員針對TPP相關法案的投票。本文透過實證分析，發現共和黨籍議員、意識形態越趨右派（保守派）之議員，以及選區面臨更多中國進口品競爭之議員，越傾向投票支持美國參與TPP。這些發現有助於我們理解中美競爭的國際架構下，美國國會貿易政治的新面貌。

關鍵字

美國貿易政治 ； 美國國會 ； 跨太平洋夥伴協定 ； 中美競爭 ； 經濟外交

並列摘要

Previous studies have shown that trade politics in the US Congress is determined by congressional partisanship, ideology, and constituents' economic interests. In this article, I utilize the case of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the theoretical perspective of the literature on China's trade shock to investigate how these three factors affected US congressional representatives' support for the TPP in 2015. Based on the results of quantitative analysis, this article finds that congressional support for the TPP was determined by partisanship, ideology, and their electoral district's trade with China. Specifically, Republican and conservative congressional representatives were more likely to support the TPP than Democrats and liberals. Districts importing more from China were more likely to support the TPP. These findings enrich our understanding of trade politics in the US Congress in the age of US-China competition.

並列關鍵字

American trade politics ； American congressional voting ； TPP ； US-China competition ； Economic diplomacy

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