新自由主義下AI與民主的角力

在民主運行健全的社會裡誕生茁壯的AI，與在民主實踐出了嚴重差錯因而呈現富豪寡頭壟斷的社會中誕生茁壯的AI，兩者在本質及意義上有天壤之別。在二十一世紀的此刻，主宰人類未來的AI是在一個民主實踐出了嚴重差錯、富豪寡頭壟斷猖獗的背景下成長茁壯的科技。民主的衰退與掠奪式AI的興起背後有著共同的推手，即新自由主義。本文探究AI崛起背後的新自由主義結構，溯及二十世紀中芝加哥學派所精心設計之法律經濟學，並進一步檢視半世紀後，獲得AI加持的進化版新自由主義如何異業結盟，透過科技壟斷、金融壟斷、生物剽竊等手段著手進行終極宰制。

關鍵字

人工智慧；監控資本主義；民主；新自由主義；壟斷

並列摘要

AI developed in healthy democratic societies bears little resemblance to that developed in plutocracies or oligarchies. The AI that has thrived in the 21st Century rose to prominence from within a plutocratic and oligarchic global system that privileges the very few at the top. In this article, I argue that neoliberalism is a key driving force be-hind both the decline of democracy and the rise of predatory AI. The article traces the monopoly power of Big Tech to the Chicago School of Economics that rose to prominence in the mid-20^(th) Century, its peculiar understanding of monopoly, and its incubation of ＂Law and Economics＂ as a sub-discipline of law. As a consequence of such maneuvering, AI technology today, combined with neoliberal business models, is highly monopolistic and predatory. To illustrate the exploitative nature of AI in our era, the article investigates the way that AI has enhanced bio-piracy and finance monopoly through big data and the employment of algorithms.

並列關鍵字

AI ； surveillance capitalism ； democracy ； neoliberalism ； monopoly

參考文獻

趙剛 (2001)。〈為何反全球化？如何反？—關於全球化的一些問題的思考與對話〉，《台灣社會研究季刊》，44: 49-146。(Chao, K. [2001]. Against neoliberal globalization, why and how. Taiwan: A Radical Quarterly in Social Studies, 44: 49-149.)

Annany, M., & Crawford, K. (2016). Seeing without knowing: Limitations of the transparency ideal and its application to algo-rithmic accountability. New Media and Society.

Birnhack, M., & Elkin-Koren, N. (2003). The invisible handshake: The reemergence of the state in the digital environment. Virginia Journal of Law & Technology, 8, 2: 1-57. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=381020

Brown, W. (2018). Neoliberalism’s Frankenstein: Authoritarian freedom in the twenty-first Century “democracies.” Critical Times, 1, 1: 60-79.

Chomsky, N., & Reynolds, L. (2015). The responsibilities of privilege: An interview with Noam Chomsky on the role of the public intellectual. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 29: 103-108.

國際替代計量

新自由主義下AI與民主的角力

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